The Rise of the Dictators
Three Great WW II Dictators
- 1. Adolph Hitler-Germany
- 2. Benito Mussolini-Italy
- 3. Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)
Define totalitarianism.
Government type where one leader has total power.
Dictators and Nazism
Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?
- 1. Post-war depression
-high inflation
-1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar
-high unemployment
-democratic governments struggled to end depression
- 2. New nations had no experience with democratic governments
- 3. Democracy brought about a lot of political parties
Germany had about a dozen political parties and not a lot of stability.
- 4. Unhappy with the results of WW I
-wanted revenge
Germany and soviet union mainly.
Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes
- 1. Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation
-secret police force and military
Dictators try to control with military and police.
- 2. Propaganda campaigns promoting the party
-press censorship and control of media
Posters, radio, ex good things about party
- 3. Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism
-militarism, nationalism, imperialism, history of country
Brainwashed society.
- 4. Government controlled the economy
-USSR completely
-Germany and Italy partially
Allowed Capitalism because needed them. Germany failed because didnt have complete control.
- 5. All preached about the unfairness of WW I
6. Leader became iconized
-statues and painting
Paintings and statues of hitler everywhere.
Benito Mussolini’s Italy
Fascism
Fascist movement began right after WW I
-people were unhappy with the results and the economy
was terrible
-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism
-including King Victor Emmaneul
People thought were getting overrun by comunist. King victor didnt want comunism. Musolini was asked to come to power.
Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)
-hated the wealthy and catholic church
-mother forced him to go to catholic school
-expelled for stabbing a rich student
-unsuccessful elementary teaching career
-joined the socialist movement before during WWI
-fought for Italy in WWI-injured
-got involved in Fascist movement after the war
-became the leader of the Fascist movement
-King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922
-by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy
-killed political opponents
Fascist Ideas
- 1. Hated communism and democracy
- 2. Government’s role is to protect the people of the country
- 3. Nationalism
- 4. Militarism
- 5. Imperialism
- 6. Corporativism
-industrial leaders and workers must work well together
-detested capitalist’s greedy ways
- 7. Made Catholicism the national religion
-Mussolini hated religion but realized he nneded an alliance with the Catholic Church
-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini
- 8. Efficiency and order were very important
-Mussolini “made the trains run on time”
Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism
-allowed monarchy to continue
-allowed the Catholic Church to continue
-allowed capitalism and large landowners to exist
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