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Athenian Religion
Polytheism
• Many gods
• Gods were immortal. Fate ruled over all.
• Gods had human traits
• Believed in the underworld.
• Their theology consisted of mythology
Prayer
• Ceremonies and rituals to honor gods
• Sacrificing domestic animals
• Strived to please gods
• Prayed to certain gods for certain things
Zeus
• King of the Gods
• Fathered many god and heros
Poseidon
• God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
• Father of Theseus
Hades
• Oldest male child of Cronus and Rhea
• God of the underworld, metal under earth
Hera
• Queen of all Gods
• Protected woman
Athena
• Zeus’ daughter
• Goddess of strategic war, wisdom and justice, city and agriculture
Apollo
• Son of Zeus
• God of music, light healing and truth
• Drove the sun
Artemis
• Daughter of Zeus and Leto
• Goddess of the hunt
Ares
• Son of Zeus
• God or war, Battle lust, Civil order, and Manly behavior.
• Mars is named after him
Aphrodite
• Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility
• Born from sea foam
Medusa
• Athena turned her beautiful hair into snakes
• And when she looks into someone’s eyes they turn to stone
Similar Religions
• Roman- similar gods with different names
Type of Government
• By the 5th century, their government changed form a tyranny to a democracy
• Tyranny- Autocratic rulers who governed by decree
• Only citizens could participate, women and slaves weren’t citizens
• Branches and bodies of government
• The Assembly- any citizen was allowed to come
• They voted- majority ruled
• The council- in charge of navy
• The Courts- Most powerful, juror age of 30, no rules on cases, majority rules
• People could speak their minds
• All citizens could participate, Peacefully settled disputes, age restriction, paid for services
• Bad- Only some men could vote, no women’s rights, limited citizenship, slavery, money and power ruled
Key Players
• Perciles- leader for 30 years
• Solon- Introduced many new government reforms
• Cleithenes- “Father of Democracy”
Elections
• Didn’t have elections for Council
• Draw 500 names and they served as lawmakers then the next year 500 different ones were drawn.
Macedonia
- Had rough terrain and a cold climate.
- People lived in mountian village instead of city-states
- Most of the Macedonian nobles refferred to themselves as Greeks.
- Greeks treated them like Spartans
- After the Peloponnesian War several Greek city-states were very weak(economically and militaristically)
- Macedonia took advantage of this
Macedonian Leadership
Phillip II was the king of Macedonia around 360 BC
- Only 23 when he took over
- brilliant general
- was able to train peasants into warriors
- His goal was to avenge the Persian invasions
- Invade Persia
Tactics- 16 by 16
- 256 men had to work together to pick off the enemies who were fleeing or disorganized
Conquest for Greece
- An Athenian orator named Demosthenes thried to warn the Greeks of the threat of Phillip and told them to prepare an army
- Greece couldn't unit
- Athens and Thebes decided to fight, was too late
- Greek independence was lost to King Phillip of Macedonia
New leader
- Phillip planned to invade Persia
- His son Alexander(the great) proclaimed himself king at age 20
- Alexander was taught by Aristotle
- Very intellectual
- City of Thebes rebeled, He killed 6,000 men and burned their city
- Survivors were sold into slavery
Question- Do you think that Alexander should have punished the people of Thebes so harshly? Why or Why not?
No, He should have done it so harshly. He could have taken more rights away or even made them work for him for a certain amount of time. The people were rebeling because Greece was their home and they wanted the rights they had before. I feel he shouldn't have killed them or sold them into slavery.
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