Similar Religions
Roman religion was born out of greek mythology
similar gods with different names
zeus-jupiter, poseidon-neptune, hades-pluto, aphrodite-venus, hera-juno, and ares-mars and so on.
Questions
Why were the gods and goddesses important to the people of that time?
What planet is named after Ares?
Government of Athens
5th century it changed from a tyranny to a democracy.
tyranny-autocratic rulers who governed by decree
athens created 1st democracy
Direct democracy (people vote to make their own rules and laws)
Who was allowed to participate
only citizens (men)
women and slaves and foreigners weren't
if a childs parent wasn't a citizen he wasn't either even if they lived in athens their whole live.
Branches and bodies of government
The Assembly
-any man was allowed to attend
-held 40 times a year
-made decisions on war and made laws
-majority rules
The Council
-Superviesed government workers
-in charge of navy ships and army horses
The Courts
-Most powerful
-500 jurors were chosen everyday to serve
-Jurors male and over 30
-No rules on what kind of cases
-majority rules
Did the People Like it?
People could speak their minds
all citizens could participate
peacefully settled disputes
age restrictions
paid for service
included rich and poor
Critics
Why? only some men could vote.
no womens rights.
limited citizenship.
slavery.
money and power still had advantages.
Key Players
Perciles
Leader fo 30 years
Solon
Introduced many new government reforms
Cleithenes
Father of Democracy
Elections
-Didn't have elections for the council
-500 names were drawn from the people of Athens (50 from each of the 10 tribes)
-Those 500 had to serve as lawmakers for one year
-After a year 500 more were drawn.
Questions
What are the three branches of government and what did they do?
Who was known as the father of democracy?
Macedonia
Geography
-Macedonia had rough terrian and a cold climate
-The people lived mostly in the mountain villages instead of the city-states like Athens had.
Not seeing eye to eye
-Most of the Macedonian nobles referred to themselves as Greeks
-Once again the Greeks thought that the Macedonians were barbaric and not as civilized as the Greeks.
-What other civilization did the Greeks treat this way? Sparta
Changes
-After the Peloponnesian War several Greek city-states were very weak: (economically and militaristically)
-When there is weakness or a struggle there is usually a predator or someone else to take advantage of teh opportunity. In this case, it was Macedonia.
Macedonian Leadership
-Phillip II was the King of Macedonia around 360 BC.
--Only 23 would he become king
--Brilliant general
--Was able to train peasants into warriors
--His dream was to take over Greece and avenge the Persian Invasion of Greece in 480 BC.
--Invade Persia
Phillip's Tactics
-Phillip oraganized his army into phalanxes of 16 men across by 16 men deep.
-All 256 men had to work together for this formation to work correctly
-After the phalanx had broke through the enemy's line, he would then send the cavalry to crush the disorganized or retreating opponents.
Conquest
-An Athenian orator named Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of the threat of Phillip and told them to prepare an army.
-However, the city-states of Greece couldn't come up with united response.
-Finally Athens and Thebes decide to stand up to Phillip but it was to late.
-Greek independence was lost to King Phillip of Macedonia.
New Leader
-Next on Phillip's agenda was to invade Persia
-However, he was never able to do this.
-At his daughter's wedding, he was stabbed to death by one of his former guardsmen.
-His son immediately proclaimed himself the king of Macedonia. His name was Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great
-Was taught by Aristotle
-Spread Hellenistic culture
-Very intellectual, kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow to remind him of the heroic of Achilles in the Trojan War.
-Alexander wanted to show his power early, and when the people of Thebes rebelled, he destroyed their city and took 6,000 lives.
-The survivors were sold into slavery except the preists.
Daily Blog
Do you think that Alexander should have punished the people of Thebes so harshly? Why or why not?
I don't think that he should have punished them so harshly. I mean losing 6,000 people and destroying their city doesn't really leave the remaining people of Thebes with that great of an impression on Alexander . I think that the result of him doing that will either have people cower in fear of him (what he wanted) or have people gang up together to go against him.
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