Similar religion - roman religion.
Government of Athens - tyranny to democracy
Athens created first democracy
Direct Democracy - people vote to make their own rules and lawes
Who was allowed to participate? only citizens. men were citizens. women, slaves and foreigners were not.
Branches and bodies of government -
the assembly :
- any man was allowed to attend
- they were held 40 times a year on hillside auditorium
- made decisions about war and wrote revised laws
- majority rules
The Council:
- supervised government workers
- in charge of navy ships and army horses
The courts:
- most powerful
- 500 jurors were chosen everyday to serve
- jurors had be to be males over the age of 30
- no rules on what kinds of cases could be tried in court
- majority rules
Did the people like it?
- people could speak their minds
- all citizens could participate
- peacefully settles disputes
- age restrictions
- paid for service
- included rich and poor
Critics - many critics both ancient and modern
Why? Only some men could vote, no womens rights, limited citizenship, slavery, money and power had advantages
Key Players -
Perciles - leader for 30 years
Solon - introduced many new government reforms
Cleithenes - 'Father of Democracy'
Elections
- didnt have elections for the council
- 500 names were drawn from all the people of Athens
- those 500 people had to serve as law makers for one year
- after 1 year, 500 more were drawn
MACEDONIA
- Macedonia had rough terrain and a cold climate
- the people lived mostly in mountain villages instead of the city states like Athens had
Not Seeing Eye to Eye
- most of the Macedonian referred to themselves as Greeks
- once again the Greeks thought that the Macedonians were barbaric and not as civilized as the Greeks
Changes
- after the peloponnesian war several greek city-states were very weak economically and militaristically
Leadership -
Philip the second was the king of Macedonia around 360 BC:
- only 23 would become king
- brilliant general
- was able to train peasants into warriars
- his dream was to take over greece and avenge the persian invasion of greece in 480 BC
- invade Persia
Philips Tactics
- Phillip organized his army into phalanxes of 16 men across by 16 men deep
- all 256 men had to work together for this formation to work correctly
- after the phalanx had broke through the enemy's line, he would send in cavalry to crush the disorganized or retreating opponets
Conquest for Greece
- an Athenian orater named Demosthenes tried to warn the greeks of the threat of phillip and told them to prepare an army
- however, the city states of greece couldnt come up with united response
- finally athens and thebes decide to standup to phillip but it was too late
- greek independence was lost to King Phillip of Macedonia
New Leader
- next of Phillip's agenda was to invade Persia
- however, he was never able to do this
- at his daughter's wedding, he was stabbed to death by one of his former guardsmen
- his son immediately proclaimed himself the king of Macedonia. His name was Alexander, later known as ALEXANDER THE GREAT
Alexander the Great
- taught by Aristotle
- Spread Hellenistic culture
- very intellectual, kept cope of Illiad under his pillow to remind him of the Heroic of Achilles in the Trojan War
- Alexander wanted to show his power early, and when the people of Thebes rebelled, he destroyed their city and took 6000 lives
- the survivors were sold into slavery
Do you think that Alexander should have punished the people of Thebes so Harshly? Why or Why not?
I do not think that he should have punished them so harshly. I think that he should have shown them in a different way to show that he had power. I think that he maybe should have sold all the people that rebelled and let the other people that didn't do anything wrong be. I am sure that the whole town didn't rebel so not everyone should be punished. That is my opinion on the question.
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