Review Day.
Test starting tomorrow, will be a second quarter grade.
Key Questions and Answers:
Ch. 5.1: -Describe Native American culture. simple people, hunted and gathered, big families, buffalo were very important, tribes were ran by a council.
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains? they wanted to get rich, believed they could own the lands unlike native americans,
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies? they created restrictions on them, politics and cultures clashed, created reservations, lots of battles between settlers and indians
-Describe a cowboy's life. moved large herds of cattle. season began with the roundup in spring then the long drive came which was moving the cattle up north, lasted about three months. cattle couldn't be put on trains because they would have to be killed. fences were put up which caused the long drive to end.
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains? allowed people to move west, helped transport goods. homestead act-1862- gave settlers 160 acres of land in which they could farm, settle, and call their own- mostly aimed at farmers.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains? droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, many people lived in dugouts or houses made of grass and dirt.
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
Ch. 5.3:
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
Ch. 6.1:
-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's? the finding of "black gold" which is oil, and also coal and iron.
-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives? bessemer steel, gasoline, barbed wire, plow, lightbulbs, type writer
Ch. 6.2:
-What impact did railroads have on the US? made it possible to travel west, empolyed many people, many employees died while building railroads. brought the country together, transported goods, brought down native american tribes, created 4 time zones.
-Why were many people upset with the railroads? really high prices, sectioned out the fields and upset animals, changed property lines.
-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads? interstate commerce act of 1887, requires railroads to be reasonabe with their prices and rates. the grange was a farmers organization to fight back against the railroads- came before the interstate commerce act- made sure the railroads were being fair to the farmers
Ch. 6.3:
-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie. scottish immigrant, became rich once he moved to the US the steel business, carnegie steel co., first billion dollar company in the US, gave away a lot of his money
-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller. drove people out of business by under selling then brought the prices back up. similar to andrew carnegie. started out not very wealthy, made money from oil. richest person in the world at the time of his death. gave away a lot of his money.
rockefeller and carnegie were known as robber barrans- robbed from the poor. kings of business.
-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business? belived that it was survival of the fittest, the big businesses were the best and bought out all of the weak businesses to put themselves on top. that is why the gov't needs to step in at times.
-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts). monopoly- where a company has a lot of control over a certain product. trust= monopoly
horizontal integration- where one company would buy out other companies of the same category in order to make more money
verticle integration- companies buy out companies of other categories in order to not pay for the supplies that they need from those companies. so one business owns everything from production to shipping to sales and didnt have to pay fees for those things.
-How did the government try to regulate business?
sherman anti trust act- tried to break up monopolies and big businesses. brought down standard oil. -What are labor unions and what is their purpose? Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
labor union: an association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
Ch. 7.1:
Why did immigrants come to the US? freedom, resources, escape difficult situations, money
Where did immigrants come from? poland england germany ireland denmark, all over the world.
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? no room, disease spread quickly, language differences, on their own.
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration?
What were those restrictions? had to pass certian qualificatiosn, had to read 40 words in english and their own languages, didnt want new religions in the country so they banned jews and asians.
Ch. 7.2
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's? immigrants made up about half of the population in cities, cities offered more jobs, people were looking for work in the cities.
What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population? only two housing options, water troubles, crime, dirty streets, slums- tenement houses held three families
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities? filtration and chlorination, scavengers- people who cleaned the streets, had sewer lines and sanitation departments by 1900
. Ch. 7.3 What was the political machine and what did they do for a city? where one person or a group of people work to get as many people that they want elected and get as many votes as possible.
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring. 3rd largest land owner in NYC, directed the building of the erie canal. played a major roll in the democratic party. would say that it took more money to build something than it actually did and stole millions of dollars, was eventually found out by a cartoonist. thomas nast.
What caused all this corruption in government? immigration, cleaning up/gov't projects, boss tweed, political parties arguing, massive fraud due to the political machines. spoil system- people that helped get someone into office would get hired by the people they helped- led to a lot of dishonest people in the gov't.
What laws came about to reform government? Penalton civil service act- required people to take tests to prove that they were worthy for gov't jobs before they obtained those jobs.
(Dont worry about studying )
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president? reform- changed things for the better status quo- stays the same, doesnt make changes.
Ulysses S grant- status quo, labeled as a bad president.
Ch. 8.1: -What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Brooklyn bridge- laid the groundwork for the modern american city. skyscrapers- took up less space but held many more offices and floors, lower price for land. printing made it possible to create newspapers. airplanes. photography- first kodak camera was invented in 1888.
Ch. 8.2: -How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
1865-1895 kids 8-13 would go to school for 12 to 16 weeks. studied reading, writing, and arithmetic. in 1880, 62% of whites went to school. in the early 1900s new subjects were introduced like science, civics, and social studies. very few african americans attended high schools, most of them attended private schools. between 1880 and 1920 college enrollments had quadrupled.
Focus on 8-3, not 1, 2, or 4.
Ch. 8.3: -What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended? -Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
back of lines, back of bus, treated poorly, segregated schools and neighborhoods, couldnt get good jobs juse because of their race. blacks had harder questions on voting tests. grandfather clause allowed whites to vote if they couldnt afford the tax if their father or grandfather voted beofre Jan. 1, 1867 then they can vote. that date was the date blacks were allowed to vote so no blacks were able to vote before that. between 1882 and 1892, 1,400 blacks were killed because of the hatred from the whites.
Plessy v. Ferguson- made the separate but equal law, keeps white and blacks separate but keeps their separation equal. ferguson was the judge and ruled against plessy and said that he needed to go to the black railroad car even though he is one fourth black.
medical care wasnt the same, different education, back of busses, houses, employment, separate benches at parks, werent treated the same as they should. also known as the Jim Crow Laws.
Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
coney island- entertainment park in new york. sports to watch. cities set aside green space for parks and playground areas. biking. art galleries, libraries, books, museums. live bands.
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