Ch. 7.3
-Gilded age: to be covered with gold
*What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
• -Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support
*Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
Boss Tweed:
• -William M. Tweed; head of Tammy Hall New Yorks powerful Democratic poltical machine in 1868
• -Tweed was accused of 120 counts and sentenced to 12 years; reduced to 1 & then was arrested again but escaped
Tweed Ring:
• -Around 1869, Boss Tweed led a group known as Tweed Ring
• -Corrupt group of politicans
*What caused all this corruption in government?
-patronage: (spoil system) gave government jobs to people who had candiadate get elected
*What laws came about to reform government?
-Pendeleton Civil Service Act: had to proove themselves by taking a test!
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
(Stalwarts: Status Quo & Halfbreeds: Reform)
Grant:Status Quo
Hayes: Reform
Cleveland: Reform
Arthur: changed to Reform
Harrison: Status Quo
Garfield: Once Status Quo but switched to Reform
Mckinley: Status Quo
Stalwarts: didn't want to rock the boat
Halfbreeds: help common people!
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Ch. 8.3:
*What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Couldn't vote: hhad to be able to read but were given harder tests
-Poll taxes
-Grandfather Clause
-Segregation Laws: whites & blacks seperated in public areas
*Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
-Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal
-ruled against the 14th amendement (no state can deny people equal rights)
-establised doctrine "seperate but equal" -- lasted about 60 years
Ch. 8.4:
*Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
-amusement parks
-bikes
-tennis
-sports
-baseball
-arts
-books
-shopping
-department stores
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