-Describe Native American culture.
- Small villages, hunted and grew crops. western hunted and gather foods.
- Nomads follow their food, like buffalo
- Many spoke the same language
- No one dominated the group.
- Leader ruled by counsel, not force.
- 1858 is when horses came into Mexico.
- Indians were very protective of their grounds
-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?
- The land was "unsettled" so they moved over to it claim the land
- looking for silver and gold
-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
- 1834 they passed an ct that gave native Americans land for their tribes
- all tribes lived on the same land
- the dawns act
- killing them off
- then they change it where each tribe got their own land spot
-Describe a cowboy's life.
- Rope, brand and care for animals
- Learned everything from Vaquero
- their food, clothes, and way of life was heavily influenced by the Vaquero
- 10+ hours a day no the ranch
- ratio is one cowboy to each 250-300 cattle
- long drive about, 3 months
- earned about 100 dollars or more supervising
Ch. 5.2:
-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains
- Helped people move to the west
- The act let people get and buy land to move out west
- Helped them get to the West faster.
-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
- Droughts
- Floods
- Fires
- Blizzards
- Locust plagues
- Raids of natives
- Outlaws
- Railroads
-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
- Machines are pricey
- Could be in debt
Ch 5.3-
- In the 1800s prices for crops.
- During the Civil War, greenback were issued.
- Took greenback out of circulation after the war.
- Taking out the greenbacks increased the value of the money that stayed in circulation.
- 1870s- farmers pushed the government to issue more money.
- Bland-Allison Act of 1878- required government to buy them.
- Farmers had to pay very high prices for transportation of grain.
- Suppliers would charge high rates of interest.
- Farmers would mortgage their farms for credit to get seed and supplies.
- In 1867 Oliver Hudson Kelly started the patrons of husbandry (the Grange)
- Spent most of their time fighting the railroad.
- Membership of the farmers Alliance grew to more than 4 million.
- Some alliance members promoted cooperation between black and white alliance.
- What is the populist Party?
- The members consisted of poor cotton farmers of the south and poor wheat farmers.
- To fight against the rapid deflation of crops prices.
- Graduated income tax.
- More restriction on immigration and a shorter work day is 8 hours.
- Electing senators by popular vote.
- They decided to join with the Democrats and support their candidate.
Ch 6.1-
- The U.S. changed from a farming country to an industrial country very quickly.
- By the 1920's it was a great industrial power.
- Cheap Labor
- Native American used oil for the years Europeans had never really had a use it.
- In 1849 Edwin L Drake used a stream engine to drill for oil.
- A rush of people and companies came to the Midwest to find and refine oil.
- By the year 1860's the Bessemer Steel Process was already replaced by the Open Hearth Process.
- The Open Hearth Process allowed people to make steel from scrap metal.
- Steel is strong and flexible, so it changed the way everything was built.
- Buildings could be built much higher, bridges could be built longer.
- In 1876, Thomas Alva Edison became a pioneer when he established the world first research laboratory.
- Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse work together to make electricity safer and less expensive.
- Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in 1873.
Ch 6.2-
- In 1856 railroads extended to the Mississippi River just 3 years later they crosses the Mississippi River.
- BY the time of the Civil War, the United States had over 30,000 miles of track and was 6 times greater by 1890.
- The Central Pacific Railroad employed thousands of Chinese immigrants along with desperate Americans.
- The railroads made our country United.
- Each community operated on its own time.
- Towns started specializing in certain things such in Chicago and how it became known for its stockyards and Minneapolis.
- In 1880, George M. Pullman built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie.
- Also the government gave customers different rates on hauls.
- In 1877 the supreme court went with the Granger laws by voting 7 to 2 giving farmers and customers.
- It was designed to address issues of federal abuse.
- Not until 1906, when Teddy Roosevelt was president.
- The panic in 1893nwas the worst depression up to that point of time.
Ch6.3- Big Business and Labor
- He was born on November 25, 1835. He came over to the America and he became a secretary for the local superintendent for the Pennsylvania Railroad.
- Find ways to make better products cheaper.
- Those who were poor were automatically weak and lazy.
- The people who believed in Darwinism thought that they were superior.
- Some positive effects the certain businesses started to strive.
- It caused big business to overtake small business.
- Mergers- A mergers is when one corporation bought out the stock of another to become one.
- In 1870 the standard Oil Company employed a number of business.
- Some women worked for doubled wages.
- A Labor Union is a union of workers working together to get better pay.
- Factory workers worked 12 or more hours a day, 6 days a week.
- 675 labors are killed due to work related activities a week.
- Equal pay equals, equal work by men and women.
Ch 7.1- The Immigrants
- Came in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries.
- wanted to escape from difficult condition.
- Between 1870 and 1920 about 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S.
- In 1907, 1 million people arrived from Italy,Austria-Hungry, and Russia.
- Between 1851 and 1883, 300,000 Chinese arrived.
- Most wanted to seek fortune after the discovery of gold from gold rush.
- 1184 Japanese government allowed Hawaiians to recruit workers.
- Mexicans also immigrated to find work.
- At 1910 about 7% of the population of Mexico at the time came over to the U.S. over the next 20 years.
- Some even died before they reached land.
- 1892 to 1924 Eilis Island was the major immigration center.
- Angel Island is on the East coast Asians and Chinese Between 1910 and 1940.
- The Natives worried the Chinese would work for lower wages.
Ch 7.2- The Change Of Urbanization.
- The technological boom in the 19th century contributed to the growth of cities mostly in the regions to the Midwest and the Northwest.
- The farming industry did not need that many labors because of the invention of the reaper and steel plow.
- When the industrial age began housing became a problem.
- Then to improve housing they made a new type of house.
- When the problems in the cities got worse people wanted to help.
- By the year 1910 there were over 400 settlement houses through the country.
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