We continued presenting.Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.hunted and planted crops, lived in the great planes, many tribes lived in the Dakotas, very spiritual, men became hunters and women cooked, made hides and took care of children,-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?to get land, to get gold/silver, to be cattle ranchers, farming.-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?They gave the indians the great plains, 1850's government made treaties, Native Americans didn't follow the rules and bad things happened. Assimilation- try to get the Native Americans to give up their beliefs and Dawes Act- Americanize the Native Americans.-Describe a cowboy's life.learned from Mexicans, cowboys clothes, food and they way they spoke came from the Mexicans. Worked 10-14 hours a day, 25% were African American and 12% were Mexican, expert riders and ropers, used guns to protect herd from animals, non-stop work, have to stay alert to make sure nothing upset the herd because they would stampede. Spring roundup- herded all the longhorns they could find into a big coral.Reason for long drive- Texas didn't have railroads.Ch. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?Homestead act- offered 160 acres of land to any citizen who was head of house free. Wanted people to farm. In less than a day 2 million acres were owned. People took the land before it was open that's why OK is the sooner state.-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, plagues,, and raids by outlaws and indians. Built homes out of dirt bricks and dug homes into hills. These homes were havens for snakes and other pesks and they also leaked.-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?tough dirt, machinery was expensive, shipping grain was expensive.Ch. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?prices of their crops dropped, farmers produced more than they needed, railroads were charging a lot.-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?Populists- a group of farmers and other western people who realized that they needed to make changes througha political power. They helped higher prices for goods and services, created a graduated income tax, created a federal loan program.Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?Oil, steel, cheap labor from immigrants, cities allowed for large markets, a lot of natural resources, government stays out of buisnesses- laissez-fairre, entrepreneurs-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?telegraph, light bulb-Thomas Edison, type writer- christopher scoles, telephone- Alexander Graham Bell. It made their lives easierCh. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?Pros- increased trade, safer than wagons, booming of towns, quicker travel, comfort for passengersCons-construction cost, risks for workers, engines breaking down, troublw with time until time zones were established.-Why were many people upset with the railroads?the governments misuse of land grants, fixed prices, the railroads would charge more for a short haul than a large haul.-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?Grangers- an organization of farmers, they demanded control over the railroad industryGranger laws- established maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibited discrimination.Interstate Commerce Act- established the right on the federal government to supervise the railroads activites and 5 members of interstate commerce commissionCh. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Worked at the PA Railroad Company, most powerful steel company, new machinery and techniques (accounting, offered stocks, and he like competition), Carnegie Hall, gave most of his money away before he died.-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.Created a monopoly, lower wages for workers and lower prices of oil the other companies couldn't keep up and went bankrupt, called the Robber Barons, Rockerfeller Foundation, Medical Insitute, U of Chicago-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Social Darwinism- the success and failure in business were governed by natural law and no one had the right to intervene. If a business failed, no one would help them.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).Vertical Integration- Oil Companies would buy out stores oil fields railroads, Horizontal Integration- standard oil companies would by out smaller oil companies (page 242)-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Antitrust Act- regulate businesses adn break them up if needed.-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?People in factories join together to fight back and get better wages, they were created for keeping workers from being over worked and under paid. They were created in 1866.Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examplesYes and No after the Great Strike women could work, government was against them, labor unions struggled at first. Through a lot of strike, death, and inprisonment, the labor unions got wins- vacation days, 40 hours week days, medical/dental insurance, weekends off.Ch. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?California gold rush, paying more for working, push/pull factor- government bad in their country-come to US to be free, jobs scarce in their country- come to US to get jobs.Where did immigrants come from?China, Japan- San Francisco, Italy- went to where the climate was the same in Italy Ireland, England, Germany, Poland, RussiaWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?diseases, lice infested beds, different languages, they had to pass pyhsical and medical examines, finding jobs, finding a place to live, nativism- people favored native born Americans to immigrants.Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Chinese Exclusion Act- People were mad that they were taking all of the jobs, people didn't like the way that the Chinese looked. The Gentlemen's Agreement- informal agreement between US and Japan. Japanese were discrimiinated against.Ch. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?It was cheaper, convenient, provided better opportunities, inventions- McCormick reaper and steel plow made it easier to farm and farmers didn't need as much help.What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Crime, fires, lack of sanitation, water, housing, transportationWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Built settlement houses and fire and police forces were made.Ch. 7.3What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.What caused all this corruption in government?What laws came about to reform government?Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
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