Imperialism - extending a country's power outside of the borders; taking over other countries
Militarism - maintaining a strong military; using it or using it as a threat
Nationalism - patriotic feelings / efforts; towards country or ethnic group
Diplomacy - how we deal with other countries
Spheres of Influence - a territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation; latin america, carribean, central america, etc
Protectorate - a strong country watching/controling a smaller country
Arbitration - settlement of a dispute by a neutral third party
Noninterventionist - the US did not intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe's
Isolationist - the US acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations
Passive and reactive - the US waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly
Weak army & Navy - compared to other countries was very weak
New Diplomacy
Imperialistic - going out and conquering territory to create an empire
Empire - Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, Teddy Roosevelt
Interventionist - especially in Central and South America -- becoming more involved in other countries affairs
-Monroe Doctrine
Strong Nationalism - having strong pride and confidence in one's country
Chapter 10.1 / Imperialism & America
- Imperalism became very common with the major powers of the world
- Which countries were the most powerful in 1900? -- Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, U.S. Japan
Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism - brings military power and prestige to your country, to get natural resources
- Naval Bases & refueling stations - Hawaii (refueling station)
- $$$ for natural resources as well as opening new markets to sell your goods (trade
- Belief in cultural superiority - White Man's Burden
-McKinley " to take them all and to educate them Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christainize them."
-Taft "we must help our little brown brothers" on the Philiphines
Chapter 10.2 - The Spanish American War
- By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire
-Philipine, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and a few colonies in Africa (Morocco and Western Sahara)
- The US had been interested in Cuba for a long time
-US tried to buy Cuba in 1854
- Cubans shad been revolting against Spanish frequently (1868, 1878, 1886, 1895) wanting independence
- Queen Liliokalani - last queen of Hawaii - 1893
What caused an increase in tension between the United States and Spain
- 1. In 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and the Cubans
- 2. The conflict was described by Senator Redfield Procter of Vermont as "bloody and brutal"
- 3. Newspapers (Yellow Press- particulary those owned by William Randolph Hearst) reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler
- The New York journal reports "...blood on the roadsides, blood in the villages, blood, blood, blood!"
- American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation towards intervention in the Cuban situation
The Yellow Pages
- Investigated the war
- United the general public to want war with Spanish
- De Lome Letter - national insult
Causes of Spanish-American War 1898
- The USS Maine sinking
- The Yellow Pages
- Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps
- The De Lome Letter
- Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba - making it look as though Spain did it
Teller Amendement
- Imperialists vs anti-imperialists in the US
Fronts in the Spanish - American War
- Philipines
- Cuba
- Puerto Rico
Rough Riders
- calvary unit
- very few horses - had to walk
- TR's group of troops to fight Spanish in Cuba
Treaty of Paris - 1898
- Brought an official end to the war
- Spain gave Cuba independence (kind of)
- US got control of philippines ($20 mil), Guam and Puerto Rico
Miscellaneous:
- The US Army was not prepared to fight this war- the Navy was excellent!
- Roughly 3000 US soldiers died in this war. Only ~385 battle deaths-2500 died due to disease
- Lasted April 25-August 12, 1898
- We became an empire for the the first time in our history
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10.3-Aquiring New Lands
Puerto Rico
- Claimed the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas
- In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American war
- Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917
- Popularly-elected governers have served since 1948
- In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing from internal self government
- In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status
Cuba
- In 1898, Sapin gave control of Cuba to the US with the Treaty of Paris
- In 1902, the US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment
- The US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt amendment
- The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today
- In 1934, the Platt amendment was repealed
Phillipines
- Emilio Aguanaldo declared Phillippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
- Phillipine-American war-broke out when they realized they couldn't get independence
- 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
- 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians died in concentration camps
- 4,165 US soldiers died
- In 1935, the Phillipines was granted Commonwealth status
- Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by WWII when the Japanese invaded and took them over
- Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
- On July 4, 1946, the Phillipines attained its independence
China
- By the late 1800's, it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
- China wanted to prevent this from happening
Chapter 10.4-America as a world power
Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency
- Roosevelt the Peacemaker-ended the Russo-Japanese war, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- Japan shocked the war by defeating Russia
- Treaty of Portsmouth
- Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin Island from Russia
- Japn took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea
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