Artwork and Art
Terms:
Calligraphy-means beauty and it is a type of visual art related to writing. Ex. Paper crafting.
Arabesque- A form of artistic decoration consisting of surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and geometric figures. Ex. Tiles.
Math Use
-Most important contribution is the finding of alg by Islamic mathematicians.
-Muhammad is called the "Father of Algebra"
-Improved Roman numerals
-Muslims skill in mathematics led to advancements in many other fields.
--Astronomy, cartography, engineering, commerce, and art.
Famous Buildings
-Dome of the Rock: Location Jerusalem. How long it took to make 692-695.
-The rock in the center of the dome is believed by Muslims, sport from which Muhammad ascended through the heavens to God accompanied by the angel Gabriel.
-Plan of the Dome of the Rock writes that those who built the mosque made use of the measurements of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
-Al-Masjid al-Haram: Location middle of the city of Mecca, surrounded by several hills. Known for: place of worship, establishment of harmony, order, peace of God's universe, and defined as a house of worship for Muslims around the world.
-Became a famous Islamic shrine.
-Capable of accommodating thousands of Muslims that perform the hajj.
--Hajj: one of the largest pilgrimages in the world.
-Never been empty of visitors.
-Uniqueness-the Muslims will not feel the heat on the soles of the feet as it travels around the Ka'ba barefoot.
-Makes the Muslims feel greatness and the majesty of God.
Trade
Routes
-Under the Abbasids, they created a trading route.
-They helped to spread religion, Islamic culture, and technology.
-The routes went across North Africa and the Middle East, into Spain, West Africa, and eventually India and China.
--India and China through the Silk Roads.
Specific Countries/Areas
-India, China, Byzatine, Arabia, Northwest Africa, Egypt, Black Sea, and Southwest Persia.
Banking System
-Their banking system was pretty complex with checks that could be cashed in another country.
-For their currency they often used fine fabrics made of cotton, wool, linen, or silk.
Sakk
-A sakk is a form of check that traders in the Middle East used to pay for their items.
-The sakk could be cashed in another country.
-The sakk was created in the 9th century.
-The sakk was their major currency.
-It was made to transfer money more securely.
What they Traded
-Silk, silver, gold, slaves, and ink.
-Marble, leopards, donkeys, sugar, and dates.
-Molasses, red copper, paper, and coco nuts.
-Elephants, tanned hides, armor, cinnamon, and paper.
Mongol Invasion
When
-Invasion of Asia through the 13th century.
-Conquered areas that include China, Russia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.
What Happened
-Cities that resisted were subject to destruction.
-The Mongols conquered West Asia either by force or voluntary submission.
-Over the course of 3 years they destroyed all of the major cities in Eastern Europe except Novgorod and Pskov.
-The Mongols conquered all of China during the invasion of China.
Military Units
-Under Genghis Khan, the Mongol soldiers (all men ages 14-60) were organized into groups based on the decimal system.
-Units were built from groups of 1 (Arav), 100 (Zuut), 1,000 (Minghan), and 10,000 (Tumen).
-Transfers between u
-Promotions were granted by ability, not birth order.
-Each soldier maintained 3 or 4 horses.
-Military focused on horsemanship, archery, and unit tactics, formations and rotations.
-6 of every 10 soldiers were light cavalry horse archers.
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