Hitler's Book
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1.Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and Disciplin
4. Undo the Treaty of Versail
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
The Holocaust
- genocide- killing people because of their race/religion/country
- 6 million European Jews during WW2
- 2out of every 3 out of 9 million Jews were killed
Races killed
- Jews- 6 million
- Gypsies- 500,000 to 1.5 million
- handicapped-75,000 to 250,000
- Soviets-16.5 million
- Poland- 2.5 million
- homosexuals-15,000
- communists
- dark skinned
- mixed race
- Jehovah's Witnesses-2,500 to 6,000
Aryan Race
- blonde hair, blue eyed,
- tall & muscular
- speak Indo-European
Lebensborn
- meaning- fount of life
- was to create the Aryan race- you were taken good care of
- women most the time volunteered
- houses were set up in Germany and in many occupied countries
Hitler's Jewish Restraints
- took away their rights(temporary)
- 1st concentration camp set up in 1933- 1st inmates were 200 Communists
- Jews lost their jobs and kids were banned from school
Nuremburg Laws 1935
- took away Jews citizenship rights
- if you had any Jewish relatives you were a Jew
- Jews could only marry Jews
- no sexual relations with non-Jewish Germans and Jews
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- can't buy from Jewish stores
Kristallnacht-1938
- "Night of the Broken Glass"
- November 9th & 10th Nazis broke Jewish businesses windows
- 101 synagogues destroyed
- 7,500 businesses destroyed
- 26,000 Jews arrested
- 91 Jews were killed
1938
- Jewish kids were kicked out of school
- Nazis took control of Jewish businesses
1939
- handicapped were murdered
- all Jews were required to wear a yellow star or armbands
1940
- deport Jews to Poland
- Jews were forced to ghettos
- first mass murder began
1941
- Jews in Eastern Europe were put in ghettos
- BabiYar- 33,771 Jews are shot( largest massacre of the Holocaust)
- Chemlmno, Poland begins death camps killing Jews
1942
- "Final Solution" to kill all Jews
- Death camps in Poland
- Majdanek
- Sobibor
- Treblinka
- Belzec
- Auschwitz-Birkenau
- ghettos are emptied as Jews are moved deathcamps
- United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union acknowledge the killing of Jews
1943
- Warsaw ghetto- Jews were uprising for a month and Nazis then put an end to it
1944
- 12,000 Jews Hungarian Jews a day to Auschwitz
1945
- War ends and Hitler is defeated
- Holocaust is over and camps are emptied
- survivors are put in persons camps until a country will except them
1947
- United Nation established a Jewish homeland in British- controlled Palestine, becomes Israel in 1948 Russia/Soviet Union/USSR
- Russia dropped out of WW I due to the Bolshevik Revolution
- Economically, it was in terrible shape
Vladimir Ulyanov(Lenin)
- Lenin emerged as the leader of the communists.
- Lenin was a big Marxist supporter
- -Marx never outlined how exactly to reach a classless society so Lenin and the government took control of the economy and farms with a promise to eventually give it back to the peasants.
- Lenin organized the country into a federation of republics
- -The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Lenin died in 1924
- Power struggled ensued between Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin.
- Stalin would win.
Josef Stalin
- wanted to focus on building up the Soviet Union's economy
Wanted nationalization and collectivization of the economy
- government took control of industry
- nationalization- government owned businesses
- abolished private ownership(upset Kulaks)
- forced peasants to merge their land into large collective farms
- collectivization- Soviet Union in the process of taking over farms
- The Kulaks resisted and Stalin used the secret police to kill them
- Stalin admitted that at least 10 million people died due to collectivization and famine
Five Year Plans
- Stalin’s idea of economic growth for industry and agriculture
- Goals were to be met in a five year time frame
- Wasn’t until the third 5 Year Plan did the economy start to improve
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