The Holocaust
The genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews during WWll.
A program
Quiz is over 24-62 Minkauf through Japanese invasion of Manchiria
Who was killed in the Holocaust?
- Jews (6 million dead)
- Gypsies (500,000 to 1.5 million)
- Mentally/Physically Handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
- Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops- (16.5 million)
- Poles-people from Poland (2.5 million)
- Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)
- Communists/Socialists (many but number not confirmed)
- Dark skinned peopl (death and forced sterilization)
- Mixed races-"The mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore." Adolf Hitler
- Jehovah's Witnesses (2,500-5,000)
What is the Aryan Race?
Misused by the Nazis to mean a so-called master race that originated around Germany.
Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular.
The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect.
Lebensborn-Fount of Life
The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit".
Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories.
Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape.
Hitler's Jewish Question 1933
Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-Never restored.
The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists.
Jews are prohibited from working as servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
Nuremburg Laws 1935
- Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights.
- Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race. -eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at rish in Nazi Germany
- Jews could only marry Jews
- No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews.
1936
Nazis boycotted Jewish businesses.
Kristallnacht-1938 "Night of the Broken Glass"
On the nights of Nov. 9th and 10th, 1938, gangs of Nazi youth roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting.
In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack.
1938-Cont.
All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria.
Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses.
1939
Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria.
Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars.
1940
Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland.
Jews are forced into ghettos.
Nazis begin the 1st mass murder of Jews in Poland.
1941
Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos.
In two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar-the largest single massacre of the Holocaust.
The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews.
1942
Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"-their plan to kill all European Jews.
Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps.
The US, GB, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe.
1943
Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.
1944
Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Aushwitz where they are murdered.
1945
Hitler is defeated and WWll ends in Europe.
The Holocaust is over and the death camps are emptied.
Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them. Most went to Israel.
1947
The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.
Nazi Science Experiments
Josef Mengele was the chief physician at Auschwitz.
Russia/Soviet Union/USSR
Russia dropped out of WW I due to the Bolshevik Revolution
Economically, it was in terrible shape
Vladimir Ulyanov(Lenin)
Lenin emerged as the leader of the communists.
Lenin was a big Marxist supporter
-Marx never outlined how exactly to reach a classless society so Lenin and the government took control of the economy and farms with a promise to eventually give it back to the peasants.
Lenin organized the country into a federation of republics
- The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Lenin died in 1924
Power struggled ensued between Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin.
Stalin would win.
Josef Stalin
Wanted to focus on building up the Soviet Union’s economy
Eliminated political opponents in great purges(800,000)
Wanted nationalization and collectivization of the economy
-gov’t took control of industry(nationalization)
-abolished private ownership(upset Kulaks)
-forced peasants to merge their land into large collective
farms(collectivization)
The Kulaks resisted and Stalin used the secret police to kill them
Stalin admitted that at least 10 million people died due to collectivization and famine
Five Year Plans
-Stalin’s idea of economic growth for industry and
agriculture
-Goals were to be met in a five year time frame
-Wasn’t until the third 5 Year Plan did the economy start
to improve
Kellogg-Briand Pact
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