Tuesday, March 5th

[2nd Taylor]

Notes:

Roanoke:

• March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America
• Established in 1585
• it is an colonies that was funded and set up by London CO., so mother country is England
• first English Colony

- Key Player

• Sir Walter Raleigh writer, poet, soldier, and explorer Married a lady in waiting to Queen Elizabeth I when back in England, the King had him locked up he then was released, and set out to find the "City of Gold" he was later imprisoned again but this time he was executed Raleigh N.C. is named after him
• Virginia Dare first child born in America to English parents granddaughter to John White
• John White English artist known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke went back to England to resupply for Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the word "Cro" probability for the word Croaton which was an Indian tribe Interesting Facts known as the "Lost Colony" how they may have died captured by Indian tribes lost at sea Spanish Dare Stones Virgina Pars Map

Jamestown:

• first permanent English colony
• established by Virginia Company of London
• Jamestown is located in current day Virginia
• mother country is England
• Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619

Key Players

      Captain John Smith

• did a decent job at communicating with the Native even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him
• he was forced to return back to England after an explosion
• the next guy to come take leadership was George Percy

      Pocahontas

• daughter of the Powhatan
• married to John Rolfe, not John Smith
• did however save John Smith from being killed by her father
• Moved back to England with her husband

1. this was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian
2. She died a year later from unknown causes, she was only 22 or 23

      Chief Opachanacanough

• his name meant "he whose Soul is White
• lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
• this raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown
• was captured in 1646, and later shot in the back by a guard
• he was 92 years old when he died

Ugly Winter

• the winter of 1609-1610 was known as the "starving time"
• over 80 percent of the colony died
• Most tried cannibalism to stay alive, one man even killed his own wife in her sleep and ate her

Bacon's Rebellion

• first known rebellion where the colonists took part in present day USA
• "Declaration of the People of Virginia" The declaration criticized Berkeley's administration in detail. it accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from Indian attack
• Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to go fight the Susquechanock tribe and when the Occ. left then he murdered their men, women, and children
• he would continue to wage war with the Indian tribes in the area
• He was upset that Berkeley still hadn't stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers
• Eventually Berkeley fled and the Bacon burned down the city of Jamestown
• Bacon later died of dysentery before England could send forces to punish him

Lasting effects of the Rebellion

• many of Bacon's followers went back to England
• 23 of Bacon's followers that stayed were hung
• Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father

Plymouth Rock Colony

• Founded in 1620
• Located in the southeast part of Massachusetts around Cape Cod
• 2^nd permanent site of an English colony in present day USA
• The London Co funded this expedition so the mother country is indeed England

 

 

Plymouth

• The two ships that sailed over the USA were the mayflower and Speedwell
• Around 90 people on the mayflower and 30 on the Speedwell
• Variety of people made the journey: indentured servants, Puritans, and Separatists
• This area in the land is also considered to be New England
• Mayflower Compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony
• The colony/settlement also suffered a terrible first winter as well   

1. Lost over 40% of the settlers
2. Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships

Key Players:

• Myles Standish

1. An English military officer who was hired by the Pilgrims as a military advisor
2. He was elected o the office of commander by the Plymouth Colony Militia
3. Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre
4. Known for his courage when fighting against the Native Americans, but also his brutality

• Tisquantum

1. AKA Squanto
2. A native American who helped the settlers out after their first winter in the New World
3. In 1614 , he was captured by Thomas Hunt, a lieutenant of John Smith and sold in slavery
4. He then was able to convince the English to send him back home, and they allowed thi and he was able to learn a lot of English during this time
5. Known for helping the Pilgrims in their first Thanksgiving

 Massachusetts Bay Colony (Salem Focus)

• settled in 1626
• located in the northeast part of modern day Massachusetts
• Originally set up to be a fishing community
• the mother country is England
• founder is Roger Conant

Salem Key Players

1. John Winthrop

• a wealthy English Puritan Lawyer
• served as a governor for 12 of the first 20 years of existence
• he was a very religious man even by Puritan Standards
• his son, John, became a founder of Connecticut

1. John Hathorne

• Born into a well-established Salem family on August 5, 1641
• Salem magistrate and was chosen by Governor Sir William Phips to be a judge in the Salem Witch Trials
• Known for treating the "witches" as they were guilty and that they needed to prove their innocence
• known as the hanging judge