Settlements and Colonies in America-
Roanoke-
- March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America.
- Established in 1585.
- It’s a colony that was funded and set up by London Co, so mother country is England.
- First English Colony.
- Known as the “Lost Colony”.
- How they might have died out-
- Captured by Indian tribes- most likely.
- Lost at sea.
- Spanish.
- Dare Stones-written by Virginia’s mother, journal of how people died.
- Virginea Pars Map.
Key Players-
Sir Walter Raleigh- Writer, poet, soldier, and explorer.
- Married a lady in writing- assistant, to Queen Elizabeth I.
- When back in England the King had him looked up.
- He then was released and set out to find the “City of Gold”- not successful.
- Later imprisoned again but this time he was executed.
- Raleigh N.C. is named after him.
- One of the biggest tobacco producers in USA, part of “Tobacco Road.”
- Virginia Dare- First child born in America to English parents.
- Granddaughter to John White.
- John White-
- English artist.
- Known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke.
- Went back to England to resupply for the Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the word “Cro” probability for the word Croaton which was an Indian tribe.
- The houses were disassembled so it’s very unlikely that they left quickly or forced to leave.
Jamestown-
- First permanent English colony.
- Established by Virginia Company of London.
- Located in Virginia.
- Mother country is England.
- Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619.
Key Players-
- Captain John Smith-
- Did a decent job at communicating with the Natives even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him.
- He was forced to return back to England after an explosion.
- The next guy to come take leadership was George Percy.
- Pocahontas-
- Daughter of Powhatan.
- Married John Rolfe, not John Smith.
- Did however save John Smith from being killed by her father.
- Moved back to England with her husband,
- This was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian.
- She died a year later from unknown causes; she was only 22 or 23.
- Chief Opchanacanough-
- His name means “he whose soul is white.”
- Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man.
- This raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown.
- Captured in 1646 and later shot in the back by a guard.
- He was 92 years old when he died.
Winter-
- The winter of 1609-1610 was known as the “staring time.”
- Over 80% of the colony died.
- Most tried cannibalism to stay alive; one man even killed his own wife in her sleep and ate her.
Bacon’s Rebellion-
- First known rebellion where the colonists took part in present day U.S.
- “Declaration of the People of Virginia”- The declaration criticized Berkeley’s administration in detail. It accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from Indian attack.
- Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to go fight the Susquehanock tribe and when the Occaneechi left, he murdered their men, women, and children.
- He would continue to wage war with the Indian tribes in the area.
- He was upset that Berkeley still hadn’t stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers.
- Eventually Berkeley fled and then Bacon burned down the city of Jamestown.
- Bacon later died of dysentery before England could send forces to punish him.
Lasting effects of the Rebellion-
- Many of Bacon’s followers went back to England.
- 23 of Bacon’s followers that stayed were hanged.
- Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father.
Plymouth Rock Colony-
- Founded in 1620.
- Located in the Southeast part of MA around Cape Cod.
- 2nd permanent site of an English colony in present day U.S.
- The London Co funded this expedition so the mother country is England.
- 2 ships- Mayflower and Speedwell.
- Around 90 people on the Mayflower and 30 on the Speedwell.
- Variety of people made the journey- indentured servants, Puritans, and Separatists.
- This area in the land I also considered to be New England.
- Mayflower Compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony.
- The colony/settlement also suffered a terrible first winter as well.
- Lost over 40% of the settlers.
- Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships.
Key Players-
- Myles Standish-
- An English military officer who was hired by the Pilgrims as a military advisor.
- He was elected to the office of commander by the Plymouth Colony militia.
- Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre.
- Known for his courage when fighting against the Native Americans, but also his brutality.
- Tisquantum-
- Squanto.
- A Native American who helped the settlers out after their first winter in the New World.
- In 1614 he was captured by Thomas Hunt, a lieutenant of John Smith, and sold in slavery.
- He then was able to convince the English to send him back home and they allowed this and he was able to learn a lot of English during this time.
- Known for helping the Pilgrims in their first Thanksgiving.
Massachusetts Bay Colony/ Salem-
- Settled in 1626.
- Located in northeast part of modern day MA.
- Originally set up to be a fishing community.
- The mother country of Salem is England.
- Founder is Roger Conan.
Key Players-
- John Winthrop-
- A wealthy English Puritan lawyer.
- Served as governor for 12 years of the first 20 years of existence.
- He was a very religious man even by Puritan standards
- His son, John, became a founder of Connecticut.
- John Hawthorne-
- Born into a well-established Salem family on August 5, 1641.
- Salem magistrate and was chosen by Governor Sir William Phips to be a judge in the Salem Witch Trials.
- Known for treating the “witches” as they were guilty and that they needed to prove their innocence
- Known as the hanging judge.
Witch Trials-
- 200 people accused.
- 20 hanged.
- 5 died in prison.
- 2 gods accused.
- Some judges were accused as well.
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