Today we finished having our discussion over our blogs about famous African Americans for Black History Week.
-Jesse Jackson was a priest and civil right leader. He also ran for president and was a democrat.
-Booker T. American: political leader. Was the author of Up from Slavery and 14 other books. He was born into a slave family. Was born to white man and slave mother. Spokes person for African Americans. Died at the age of 59 in Alabama. Contributed a lot to the field of education. A lot like Martin Luther King and very peaceful.
-Rosa Parks: Worked for the NNACP. Was a hard worker. Most known for changing the seating arrangements on public buses. She didn’t want to give up her seat for a white person and refused. The rule then was that if a white person wanted the seat , they had to give it up. Rosa was thrown in jail. To fix this problem the colored people peacefully boycotted the buses. This worked because most of the colored people road the buses and that is how the buses made profit. Died in 2005.
-Malcolm X: Born in Omaha, Nebraska. Dad was a Baptist priest. Family had threats from the black legion and had to move a lot. Dad was killed by this group. Had to be put into a foster home because his mom went crazy once his dad died. Him and his seven other brothers and sisters were separated. Was very smart in school and wanted to be a lawyer. Dropped out of school and gets into drugs, and prostitution. He gets put into prison and finds the nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad was his role model and has an affair with women then Malcolm broke from the Islam nation. He said something that offended others. He started a black rights group and the nation of Islam didn’t take to kindly to this and had three men assassinated him. At first he was against whites, but towards the end he changed.
-Barrack Obama: Current president of the US. His father was from Kenya and his mother from Kansas. Born in 1961. Went to Harvard Law school. First African American president
-George Washington Carter: When slavery was abolished his slave owners raised him as his own. They helped him to pursue a better education. He went Iowa State. His main interest was to help poor southern farmers. Came out with recipes.
-Little Rock 9: Little rock high school wanted to bring colored students to the school. There were nine of them. It was to help desegregate. The students had to have body guards even solider to escort them around school. The students were verbally and physically abused. This lasted over a year. Out of the nine students only one graduated because the treatment was so bad.
-Condoleezza: Age of 4 she was an amazing pianist. She was extremely smart and skipped grades 6-7. By the age of 15 she was in college. She became a professor. She worked for president Bush. Went back to Stanford and was a provost. She was an amazing chelloist, She was the first African American secretary of state and national security advisor for Bush.
-Bessie Coleman: First African American woman to fly a plane. Had 13 brothers and sisters. Went to college ,but only had money for one semester. Heard about a school for flying class in France so she had to learn French. Died in a plane crash.
-Jackie Robinson: Had a very strong family bond. Very talented in sports. Was in the army after being booted out of college. Was a court marshal but quit because of racial problems. First black in baseball for the Dodgers
Muhammad Allah- retired boxer. First African American to box and win the lineal three times. Malcolm X gave him his new name. Required to go Vietnam but refused because of religious. Because of this he go his belts taken away and couldn’t box any more. A year later he was able to box again. Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. was his real name. He came up with the quote float like a butterfly sting like a bee.
-James Meredith: First African American to go to the University and sued them because it was discrimination. This happened in 1962. Took it to court and the supreme court sided with him, but governor of Mississippi did everything in his power to not allow him to go. He made a law that anyone with crimes couldn’t go. Finally could go but had to have federal escorts. There was a riot three people died and some were injured. He graduated and then led a civil rights march. During this someone tried to assassinate him and was shot. He survived and wrote up it.
-The 3 first basketball players: 1950’s three African American’s were going to the NBA. Cooper was the first drafted and Clifton was the first signed over to the NBA. Cooper led his team to their first title, Sweetwater Clifton. He played for the New York Nicks. Named oldest and first African American in the all star league.
Later on we went back to presentations for the New Deal.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
Relief, Reform, and Recovery.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed- CCC, and FSLA, PWA, WPA, CWA
farmers
factory workers/labor- FSLA
young people
banks/business- FDIC
home owners
elderly
Native Americans
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
Hundred Days- CCC, 100 days
fireside chats
priming the pump
deficit spending
FERA- Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Directed by Harry Hopkins from Iowa. Began in May ’33. Gave states 3.1 billion dollars to operate local work projects. Provided work for 20 million people.
SSA- Social Security Administration. Two men Steagall and Glass had two acts named after them. Effort to stop deflation.
PWA- Public Works Administration- Passed in June 16, 1933. Built Oregon state capital, bridge in New York and provided many jobs for the unemployed. Not successful because the supplies was too expensive. Abolished in ’41.
Dawes Act- Let Indians manage their own land and self govern themselves. Provided peace.
FDIC- Banking Act of ’33 established the FDIC. Helped reform banks. Separated investment and commercial banking. Made it safer for people to invest in banks. People lost everything. Established on Jan. 1 1934. Kept America’s confidence in our financial system. Average of 600 banks failed. Some thought it was a good thing they had failed. When people heard this people ran to take their money out. Still around today so yes it was successful. If it fails it will pay you 250,000 dollars. Ensured America’s confidence in the banks. Insures people’s money in the bank.
100 days- FDR first days in presidency were the best days at the time. Made several accomplishments and still is around today.
CWA- Civil Works Administration- Created in fall of ’33 and band in the following spring. Organization that lasted about 6 months created jobs for the unemployed. Construction jobs consisted of building bridges, dams, etc. They were way over budget and that is why it was banned. It was unsuccessful because it was too costly.
FDR- Franklin D. Roosevelt. Born January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park. Died April 12,1945. Went to Harvard. 32nd president. Was a democrat and beat Herbert Hoover.
WPA- Workers Progress Administration. Helped to feed children, and evenly distribute food to people. Helped fund people’s job (artists and writers) provided them with supplies. Provided at least 1 million students with jobs. Construction jobs were provided as well.
NYA-
RRR- Relief, recovery, reform (the three R’s).
Relief: money given to build roads and buildings. Gave out loans to build bridges and dams. Relief for the people.
Reform: helped repair and rebuild older homes. Gave government to investigate the crash. Kept 500,000 kids in colleges. 600,000 helped kids stay in high school and provided them with jobs. Reform the economic stock market, banking system. Let government look into banks. Social security helped those we were elderly, dependent on others, unemployed and handicap.
Recovery: Long term economic recovery.
Security Exchange Commission- SEC. Created in 1934. appointed 5 commissioners, appointed for 5 year terms. Issued new rules. It was successful. Commissioners could either approve or deny the new rule. It is still around today. Regulated the stock market.
Priming the Pump -is government action taken to stimulate the economy in a recession and started in 1932. It stimulated the economy and helped businesses. It also gave money to banks. It is still around today.
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