What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)? Relief, Recovery, Reform. Recovery, temp. programs were set up. Reform, permanent programs were set up to make sure it wouldn't happen again. Relieve the people. Reform the stocks. Recovery from the Great Depression.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue? To solve this he put officials in the S.C. that he knew would help the simulate the economy at that time.
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed- PWA, gave people construction jobs to get some money in their pockets. The PWA was kind of sucessful because it gave people jobs but it cost about $4 million dollars. CWA created 11/8/1933. Created about 4 million temporary construction jobs becaus the program only lasted about six months, and it spent over one billion dollars so many thought it was a bad organization. RFC, the businesses could expand and it would create more jobs. USHA, look at home owners. Works Projects Administration(WPA), created more constrution jobs, it was up for eight years. They'd go build parks, buildings, roads, reforestation, airport landings, and much more. It was established in 1935 and was revised in 1939, in 1943 it ended. There wasn't really a downfall, but people just started to go on their own and people would start to strike because the money for the organization was running out.
farmers-
factory workers/labor- National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act), started minimum wage and max work hours. NLRB, determined if the workers were being treated fairly. It was like the middle man that would come in to help with problems. Very Anti-Laissez Fair. Workers liked it at the start. The Labor Unions didn't like it because it didn't cover all workers. It's still around today. National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA), allowed labor unions and pushed a 40 hour work week and minimum wage. Blue Eagle, companies would have a blue eagle in their windows meaning that they paid their workers minimum wage and gave them fair hours. So it pushed consumers to buy from those stores instead of others.
young people- NYA, operated from 1935 to 1943. It was under the Workers Progress Administration. Provided young people with jobs, mainly high schoolers with smaller renovation jobs during or after school. It included girls and boys. There was more than just the renovation jobs, and it allowed kids to go to school and work. Some people didn't like it just because taxes were being taken to pay kids to work. But it was sucessful because it gave kids jobs and let them stay in school. Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC), helped young unemployed people get jobs. They were affected by the Great Depression. It tought them basic skills, it was for 18-25 year old single men with a poor family. It isn't in effect today, and when it went in 1942 the money that was going to the CC went to WWII. They were paid $30 a month and $25 went back to their parents. They were provided with shelter and food though. They did work that would better communities, reforestation, building roads, buildings.
banks/business/stock market- RFC,gave banks, railroads, farm associations, and other businesses loans. Gave $2 billion to aid the state and local governments. Started in 1932 by Hoover. With the money the businesses could get more money then the workers would get more money because they could create more stores then there'd be more jobs. The RFC isn't around today, and it was sucessful because it did what it was aimed to do. It's kind of like a bail out because it handled the Great Depression to bring up people again. FSA, first major federal legislation to regulate the sale of securities(stocks). Prohibited fraud(pooling) and helped people get information on what they're stock is doing. It's been improved by it is still around, and it was sucessful. FDIC 1933, provides insurance coverage for banks, if a bank fails the FDIC insures them $100,000 per account. Made people confident of putting money in the bank. If a bank is being unlawful then they can get the FDIC taken away from them. Emergency Banking Relief Act, passed on March 3, 1933 and started on the 9th. It closed banks that were penny-less and reorganized the banks so that they could be re-opened. By this program closing the banks they were able to reopen them because the banks didn't close on their own. Basically it closed them down temp. so they wouldn't close for good. Banking Act of 1933, started the FDIC. Introduced banking reforms, effort to curb deflation because that's not good for businesses. Allowed Federal Reserve to regulate interest reates in saving accounts. Separated commercial banking and investment banking. biggest thing it did was set up the FDIC. Banking Act of 1935 strengthened powers of the Federal Reserve Boardand the FDIC. It put restrictions on banks like not giving loans to the rich.
home owners- USHA,lending money to states and communities for low construction costs. There were about 650,000 low-cost people that needed jobs. It gave jobs to poor/ homeless to get them money and to build low costing housing for poor people. PWA also helped with building 22,000 new housing units.
elderly- SSA, tax taken out of your income it covers old people, survivors, and disabled. it was created on August 14, 1935. It's still around today, the baby boomers are retiring now and there may not be enough money.
Native Americans- Indian Reorganization Act(IRA), set up to help them because of their terrible living conditions. We gave them land the we had originally took. We assigned land to certain tribes. 174 accepted the act and 78 tribed rejected it. The Dawes Act gave them 160 acres of land and we tried to "Americanize" them. This act kind of got rid of the Dawes Act. The tribes that rejected it just didn't want to trust the American Government again. The IRA was started in 1934, it didn't really stop but we just added laws to it to strengthen it. This was basically seen as a positive, it gave them reservations, schools to teach in their own ways, and tried to let them self govern the land. The tribes may have been put on a reservation with a rival tribe and that rose the crime rate and the conditions of the reservations. They couldn't get control of their government.
Consumers- Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act(FDC), replaced the Pure Food and Drug Act. Made sure everything that went into the foods. It checked labels to look for anythig bad in it. Before with cosmetics there was stuff that wasn't healthy for your skin at all and this act helped that. Made it so the label said what kind of food coloring was in the foods i.e. red 5. Passed in 1938
Describe the culture of the 1930's.: Music in 1930's, country, Woody Guthrie from Oklahoma. Huddie Ledbetter AKA Leadbelly was an African American singer king of the 12 string blues guitar. Jazz, swing, big bands. swing dancing became popular, combo jazz, big bands 15-20 players, legendary band leaders also came out in this time. Pop, popular singers and dancers included: The Andrew's Sisters, Gene Autry, Roy Rodgers and more.
Key terms:
Hundred Days- What a new president has done compared to what they had promised to do. FDR's was pretty good most new deal projects came out in this time.
fireside chats- Informal monthly addresses that FDR gave from the start of his term until the end of his term. It was usually about good news. The purpose was to have America listen at a time when they didn't know where to turn. He was the first President to use the radio. These were good because it gave people hope about the economy.
priming the pump- to put money back into the economy to stimulate buying. Like what we're doing today.
deficit spending- more money's spent then the government gets. Going into debt. America is in a lot of debt.
Breann Lehr
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