We continued presenting.
1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Archduke Franz Ferdinan's assassination- June 28, 1914. Ultimatium with Austria-Hungry and Serbia, July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungry declared war on Serbia. Imperialism, militarism, nationalism- Slavics in Bosnia- Herzegovina wanted to be a part of Serbia, not Austria-Hungry.
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
2 major powers- Triple Allience (Central Powers) -1882 Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungry, Bulgaria. Italy switched sides and the Ottoman Empire came in.
Triple Entente (Allies) -Britain, France, Russia, later Italy, Japan, and U.S.
Balkans- Bulgaria and Serbia.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Albania- wanted to expand, and free themselves.
Austria-Hungry- wanted to stop the black hand- a terrorist group from bombing them- they were Serbians that didn't want to be part of Austria-Hungry, didn't want Serbia to take them over.
Belgium- trying to keep independence from Germany, Germany wanted Belgium so they could be closer to France.
Brazil- they were neutral at the begining of the war- wanted to keep trade open, joined war because they were forced- German Ships.
China- declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary
Costa Rica- Fought Germany.
Cuba- didn't like Germany, fought with U.S. because the U.S. gave them independence, Cuba didn't like Germany's submarine warfare.
Russia- main goal- eliminate Germany as a competitor, wanted to be known as a military power.
Germany- wanted to secure and maintain German unification.
France- avenge military defeates and weaken Germany's economy.
Britain- wanted to be the number one super power.
America- wanted to help end the war.
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Mons- fought in France- 1914, Germans were beaten.
Tannenberg- Russians had bigger numbers but didn't have a big success, a big defeat for Russia.
Artoy- in France, Germans against French.
Marne- Sep. 5-25, 1914, allie victory, saved Paris.
Aisne- Sep. 12-28, 1914, allies versus Germans.
Albert- Sep. 25-29, 1914.
Verdun, Somme, and Ypres.
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
Battle of Jutland- greatest naval battle, between German High Seas Fleet and thte Royal Navy of Britain, Britsih thought they were going to win, Britain thought they could read Germany's codes, Germany won. They fought over the North Sea.
Battle of Dogger Bank- between the German and British navy's, British found out that Germany would attack and they surprised the Germans, both sides backed down, Germans won though. They fought over the North Sea.
Battle of Heligoland Bright- Fought between Germany and Britain, fought over the North Sea.
Battle of Coronel- Nov. 1, 1914, Coast of Chille near Coronel, Germans against British, Germans won.
Battle of Falkland Islands- Dec. 8, 1914, South Atlantic, Germans against British, British won.
Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby- Dec. 16, 1914, Germans atacked British.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
Declared neutrality.
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
The Zimmerman note- a letter sent by German Ambassador, intercepted by British, Germany tried to get Mexico in the war against the U.S., Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won, Germany watned to keep the U.S. out of Europe.
Germany sinking ships and killing American people that were on the boats.
The unrestructed sub. warfare- the sinking of the Lusitania.
American businesses wanted more money.
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
Battle of Saint Mihiel- Americans and French against Germany, air battle, Sep. 12-16, 1918, allies won.
Second Battle of Marne- July 15- August 5, 1928, Americans, French, and British against the Germans, allies won.
Battle of Meuse- Sep. 26- Nov. 11, 1918, allies against Germany, bloodiest battle.
Battle of Cantigny- May 28, 1918, U.S. and France against Germany, allies won.
Battle of Piave River- June 15-23, 1918, allies against Austria-Hungry, allies won.
Battle of Ambos Nogales- Aug. 27, 1918, U.S. against Mexico, U.S. won because Mexico surrendered.
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
Schlieffen plan- 90% if Germany's armed forces, quick route through Holland, Belgium, and Luxemburg, but then it was changed so the route didn't go through Holland, failed.
Hindenbuurg Line- made by Germans, a system of defense, made of deep trenches, barbed wires, tunnels, command posts, concrete bunkers, concrete machine guns positions.
French- attack border between France and Germany.
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
Grenades- dynamite, jam tin, rifle grenade, Mk1.
Tanks
11. Describe trench warfare.
Trench Warfare- form of fighting in lines, dug out, sandbags were used, machine guns, 12 feet deep, zig-zaged, around Westen Europe, miles of them.
Disadvantages- insects, rodents, flooding, trench foor, trapped gas.
Advantages- easy to defend, no man's land, protection from grenades.
Defending- used sandbags, barb wire-stop foot invastion, dirt as barrier, deeper was better.
Weapons- machine guns, gas, tanks, trench knife, grenades.
Trench men- wore helmets, gas masks, carried machine guns.
Tanks- top speed of 4 mph, Germany's battleships.
Airplanes- 1st war with airplanes devoloped in a large scale, bombed with airplanes, machine guns in airplanes.
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
Jobs were important- to make goods, women started to work to replace men's jobs.
Food Administration- Hurbert Hoover, urged people to conserve food, had meatless days and wheatless days, victory gardens were planted by schools and homes, prevented hoarded of food by people, Food is Ammunition- Don't waste it.
Committee on Public Info.- goal was to influence U.S. public opinion to support WWI in their own way, huge propaganda, Americanized German words.
War Production Board- org. made sure companies were making as much as they possibly could.
War Bonds- how U.S. paid for war, loan money to gov. and get it back later.
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
Wilson's plan to end the war, first 5 to prevent another war, plan for war peace,
1. End to secret treaties- no more treaties among nations, no more secret agreements.
2. Freedom of the seas- free navigation of the seas.
3. Free trade for all countries- lower or abolish tarrifs, encourage free trade.
4. Reduction of armament- reduce or lower countries weapons, concerned with domestic safety.
5. End to Colonial Claims- All decisions regarding the colonies should be equal and fair.
6. Self- Determination- evacuate German troops, determine form of government.
7. Restoation of Belgium- evacuate German troops from Belgium, should be independent like before the war.
8. All French Territories should be freed.
9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recongizable line of nationality
10. People of Austria-Hungry should have the freest opontunity to create their own countries.
11. Romania, Serbia, Montenagro should be evacuated and restored.
12. The Turkish people should be governered by the Turskish gov. and be independent, Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships.
13. Poland would be given their independence.
14. League of Nations must be formed, Wilson wanted this one the most.
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
- the treaty was to settle peace in the countries during ww1 and there were alot of restrictions. There were 4 restrictions. German reaction- the allies enforced treaty and said that if they wouldn;'t agree they invaded and in forced. the german were enraged. big four - david lloyd george, george clemnceau, woodrow wilson, and vittorio oriando.
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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