Dynasty of China
Accomplishments of the Tang dynasty
When and Where
-618 AD- 907 AD
-Stretched from the Tarim Basin to the Korean Peninsula
-Also from Mongolia South to Vietnam
Key People
-Emperor Gaozu- established the dynasty
-Li Yuan- united China and adopted Buddhism
-Wang Wei- poet and painter that introduced pure landscape, a style of painting for China
-Wu Daozi and Du Fu- grew into a centralized state.
Before and after them
-Came after the Sui dynasty ended in chaos due to tyranny of Emperor Yang.
-Li Yuan started an army in Taiyuan and captured the capital chang’an and put Yang You as Emperor Gong.
-In 618 Yang You was killed and Li Yuan named himself Emperor and named the state Tang.
-An Shi rebellion in 755 was built up army that lasted for 8yrs and overthrew Tang.
-After it was overthrown in 907 eventually in 960 it was replaced by Sung Dynasty.
Known for major accomplishments
-Most influential empire of China’s civilization.
-Became center of trade in the east.
-The study of medicine was big, they discovered diabetes
-The study of law and math
-Characterized by strength
-They have contributed a dynamic impact on our world
-Free from political corruption in the court
-created gunpowder by studying complex chemicals
-woodblock printing
-golden age of art, music and literature
-strong foundation of government
-invented gas cylinders and air conditioning
-discovered the source of diabetes.
Hierarchy
Tang Dynasty
-The Tang dynasty is preceded by the Sui dynasty
-It was founded by the Li family who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui dynasty
-The Tang dynasty, which had at one time, the most popular city in the world is regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization.
-The Tang dynasty is a monarchy
-The 7th and half of the 8th century is considered the Zenith era of the Tang dynasty
-Emperor Xuanzong brought the middle kingdom to its golden age while the silk road thrived
Shang Dynasty
-It was founded around 1600 BC by Cheng Teng
-It was a monarchy governed by a series of kings
-Thirty kings total over 600 years
-The king was served by officials who held specialized positions of authority.
-Officials belong to a hereditary class of aristocrats
- The king had supreme power over everything
- He was the political and religion leader
- The king directed life and work to peasants and serfs
- The most powerful to least powerful are king, nobles, warrior, and peasants
- Shang Women
- The women were to be gentle calm and respectful
- Their main purpose was to obey and serve their husbands fathers and even their sons
- Women were lower than men in social standings
- They tended to children and the needs of their husbands
- Men married multiple women
- Women were often used as concubines
- They didn’t have many rights
- They were treated with less respect than the average person in the empire
- A concubine is a woman who live with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives
Tang Women
-They were expected to get married and raise a family.
-spinning and weaving were some activities the women did.
-Peasant women would care for the livestock and tend to the fields.
-Upper class women could get powerful positions as a wife or concubine of a powerful man.
-Upper class women could enjoy riding horses.
-They could play the games such as polo, and even hunting.
-If you were a lower class wife then you could not partake in these activities, and had to do housework.
Compare Tang and Shang
-Both were monarchic governments
-Women's social status was considered less the mens
-Motherhood was primary role of women
-King is supreme ruler
-strong social status pyramids, king on top, peasants on bottom.
-Dependent on trade.
Tang
-King was more involved with economy
-Tang women generally had more freedom than Shang women
-if they could afford to pay someone else to do housework, they would spend more time with recreational activities.
-Larger civilizations than Shang
Shang
-King had group of "advisors" that helped him rule
-King was military, governmental, and religious leader.
-Polygamy was more common.
-Women were at the bottom of social ranking
Agriculture and trade
-Increased international trade contacts, and a revolution in agricultural productivity.
-overseas trade through investments in trading vessels, which undertook trade at ports
-The government encouraged people to reclaim barren lands anf put them under cultivation. Anyone who opened up new lands and paid taxes were granted permanent possession of the new land.
-invented a type of plow to cultivate the lands. used and invented irrigation systems made from bamboo.
-cotton was a very economic crop
-cotton flowers were collected, pits removed, beaten loose with bamboo bows, and drawn into yarns and weaved into cloth called "jibei."
-trade was a huge part of the economy and every "social" class was involved in trade some way, whether it be by trading agriculture supplies or other important things for the overall dynasty.
-Since the collapse of the Sui Dynasty (581- 618), productivity had been severely damaged and the national economy was in paralysis
-After the Tang Dynasty reunified the whole nation, Emperor Kao Tsu paid much attention to develop agriculture and successively implemented a series of reforms, such as Juntai Zhi (Land equalization system), and Zuyongdiao system.
-In this way, the peasants' burden was lessened and production efficiency was improved.
-as a result, farm told and agriculture technique were improved.
-In addition, many irrigation works were completed soon after the foundation of the Tang Dynasty, which contributed to the rapid development of agriculture in Zhen Gren Reign and the heyday of Kaiyuan.
-The economy was very great in power.
Accomplishments of the Song Dynasty:
- Lasted from 960-1279 A.D.
- Considered a second golden age, following that of the Tang Dynsty, which collapsed 50 years earlier
- Followed by the yuan dynasty
- Consisted of Northern Song (960-1127) and Southern Song (1127-1279)
- The Northern Song was destroyed by the Jin (1115-1234) in 1127 after a bit of political corruption and decline in the regime
- The southern song was set up by zhao gou, son of the last emperor of the northern song
- In 1279 the army of the yuan dynasty captured the capital of the southern song, which pretty much ended the southern song
- There was a total of 18 emperors who ruled over the song dynasty
- The first emperor of the song adopted a bureaucratic system employing sholar-officials
- The emperor set aside military traditions and insisted on civilians control his provinces, government , and military
- Civil service exams were revived, schools spread, and literacy grew
- They boasted welfare by first helping house and care for the elderly
- What they did for large cities:
- Made state hospitals
- Made state orphanages
- Had free pharmacies for the poor
- Zhao Kuangyin:
- Military general who founded the Northern Song
- In 13 years, he was able to unite the separatist regimes in the southern part of China
- Agricultural productivity and output of food advanced with new technologies
- Division of labor became more detailed with handicrafts technologies
- The basic form of paper currency appeared during their time period, also called Jiao Zi
- Silk, textile, and porcelain made industries strive
- Advances were made in the mining and manufacturing of ceramics
- This cause China from Agrarian to a mercantile state
- The industry improved with new bridges, better canal lock gates, and water powered clocks
- Methods of acupuncture and autopsies and physicians code of ethics were codified
- Arts even saw an advancement in lyrical song and portrait and landscape paintings
Tang and song Weapons
Tang
-Handheld weapons were pike which had a blade tip used for face to face combat. This also can be a long range weapon, hard to handle and also called a spear. Sword is used for hand to hand battles. if you're a stud it's easy to handle and can sometimes take two swords.
-Long range weapons included the dagger, usually light and is really sharp to take out the guard. These are easy to handle for any man. Bow and arrows are used to shoot long distance. They have Iron tips on the arrows.
-defenses- plates that are made of iron, very good in hand to hand combat. These can actually be sued as a weapon because of the sharp edges around the rim. Also have a shield which is a thick piece of iron and can defend any weapon.
Song
-Advancements in early technology had gunpowder, flame throwers, grenades, firearm, cannon, and some land mines. Song fought off their enemies until their collapse in the 13th century.
-Gunpowder was first used when wrapped in paper or bamboo then tied to an arrow and light by a fuse.
-Bombs of Gunpowder- mixed with strap irons and launched by catapults.
Military commanders
An lushan- also named Shi Siming. He was the Prince of La of Yan. Was the leader of Sogdian and Tujue Li Shimin
Technology
-The Song dynasty provided some of the most significant technological advances in Chinese History.
-The first gunpowder was first recorded in the Tang dynasty and then in the Song dynasty.
A song engineer name Su Song admitted that he and his co-workers were building upon and the work of Zhang Heng.
-he was an astronomer, inventor, and he was an early master of mechanical gears.
Art
-The visual arts were heightened by new devopments such as advances in landscape and portrait painting.
-beginning in the Tang and Sung dynasty, the primary subject matter of Chinese painting was the landscape paintings.
-In these landscapes, usually monochromatic and sparse, the purpose was not to reproduce exactly the appearance of nature but rather to grasp an emotion or atmosphere so as to catch the "rhythm" of nature.
Science
-Scientist of the song era advanced knowledge very quickly.
-The song era was the dynasty of the most rapid scientific and technological progress.
-The inventors were especially good at creating varieties of gunpowder for different purposes.
-Shen Kuo was a very successful scientist.
-He failed in his campaign against Western Xia.
-Chinese scientists advanced the state of their knowledge about the geography of the empire, astronomy, mechanical engineering and other subjects.
Poetry
-This is considered as the golden age of Chinese poetry. There were almost 50,000 tang poems that were written by more then, 2,200 authors.
-It was an important part of social life and intelligence, in all pars of two of the most famous poets of the time were du fu,, lin bai.
-Song dynasty classical Chinese poetry the two famous poets in the sung dynasty or . Ouyoung xiu, lu you, yang wanli.
Japan
BUI Words
Khmer Empire- Was for centuries the main power on the Southeast Asia mainland. It reached it's peak around 1200. Very influential with ag. advancements. In present day cambodia
Angkor Wat- is one of the world's greatest architectural advancements. It is a religious for Vishnu.
Koryu Dynasty - In Korea. Lasted from 935 to 1392. Had a strong centralized government. The mongols occupied them from 1231 t o1360's. Made huge demands including 20,000 horses and clothing for 1 million soldiers and children that they would turn into slaves.
Srivijaya Empire- Was an island empire that would tax the trade the passed. It was a dominant force betwen the 7th and 13th centuries.
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