Today we continued presentations.
Mesopotamia-
- Created the pythagorean
- First place with government.
- Means the land between two rivers.
- Rivers-
- Tigris and Euphrates.
- Trade and commerece.
- Baskets and pottery.
- Euphrates- calm river.
- Many cities on the banks.
- RIvers used for irrigation, crops, minerals, grazing animals.
- Challanges of Rivers-
- Flooding caused by mountain snow.
- Cities along river would be abandon.
- Cahnge courses without notice.
- Tigris fast and violent.
- Culture-
- Believed in many gods.
- Wrote on clay tables.
- Buried people with items.
- Believed-
- Thought the world was flat.
- Water covered the entire earth.
- The universe was born from the enormous sea.
- Monthly festivals based on the moon.
- Geography-
- Located in the Fertile Crescent.
- Centered around the Euphrates- west and Tigris- east.
- North know as Akkad.
- Bordering countries-
- Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia.
- People settled there for-
- Water.
- Warm climate.
- Fertile soil.
- Lack of Resouces-
- Few trees.
- Little rain fall.
- Traded their surplus for stone, wood, and metal.
- North-
- Fertile land.
- Rain
- Mountains and hills
- South-
- Flat and barren
- Little rainfall
- High temps.
- Cities and States-
- World's first cities began around 4000-3500 B.C.
- Babylon-
- Amorites named it their capital.
- Known for its color and luxury.
- Ashur-
- Modern day Iraq.
- Used as a religous capital.
- Nippur-
- Modern day southeasten Iraq.
- Used as a religious capital.
- Nineveh-
- Oldest Asssyrian city.
- One of the most powerful cities in the mIddle east.
The Nile-
- Nile River is 4,160 miles long.
- Geography-
- Located in Africa.
- Flows through many coutries.
- Name comes from Greek word and means River Valley.
- Importance-
- Provided resouces for almost all aspects of life.
- Traded on the river.
- Chief of Transport.
- Looked at like a highway of transportation.
- Trading was easy.
- Leopard skins, eggs, cattle, feathers, were traded.
- People-
- Egyptians.
- Lived in 3 classes of society.
- Lived along both sides of the river and in the delta region.
- Men wore skirts and robes.
- Women wore skirts and dresses with shoulder straps.
- Most people were barefoot.
- Wore sandles if rich.
- Religion-
- Based on nature.
- Sun God- Re or Ra.
- God of the Nile- Hapi
- Beliefs-
- Life after death.
- Preserved people in mummies.
- 40 million people live in the Nile RIver Valley.
- Still use Nile River for agriculture and transportation.
- States formed-
- 3 Nubia, Kemet, and Kush.
- Each had thier own rituals and gods.
China Yellow River-
- Flows from central to eastern China.
- Geography-
- Named after the yellow clay- loess that blows across northern China.
- Referred to as the uang He river.
- Approximately 3000 miles long.
- Empties into the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean on the east coast of China.
- Importance-
- Prone to flooding.
- People died from drowning and from the famine or disease.
- Areas around the Yellow RIver and Yangzte merge are great food-producing areas.
- This resulted in 10% of the land in China to be suitable for farming
- Many mountains in China so it was hard to trade.
- Raised their own crops and livestock.
- Culture-
- Called the "cradle of Chinese civilization"
- Women are unable to own property.
- Belive in supernatural powers so they ask gods for things they need.
- Leader was Shang King.
- Family was one of the most important things in the culture.
- Father was the head of the family.
- He arranged all the marriages.
- Rituals were performed by men.
- Didn't have a written language for a very long period of time.
- Cities and States-
- Yin was the capital of the Shang Dynasty.
- Formed by the river and it was very useful to the city.
- Shang- it was a walled city.
Emperors and Kingdoms-
- Indus River-
- No famous kingdoms or emperors.
- China-
- Xia Dynasty- known for their black pottery, no writting remains, first known dynasty of the Chinese area along the Yellow River.
- Shang Dynasty- known for their bronze works, liked human sacrifice, if a king died slaves would join him in the grave and some were just thrown in alive.
- Western Zhou- used the father-son kingdom passing unlike the Shang who used brother-younger brother.
- Easten Zhou- many traditions remained the same along with the culture of the Western Zhou
- Mesopotamia-
- Babylon Nation and Dynasty- founded by Samuabum, Babylon Nation was small and powerless until the first dynasty gor them going in the right direction.
- Babylon Empire- didn't last long Hammurabi, founder, died went under Assyrian, Kassite, and Elamite control.
- Neo Babylon Empire- capital was Babylon, taken over in 539 BC by the Roman empire, Neo Babylon was established in 612 BC.
- City of Babylon- 55 miles south of Bagdad, word mean gate of god, all that's left is a mound of mud and brick buildings.
- Eygptian Kingdoms-
- Old Kingdom- Pharohs wre buried in pyramids, pharohs had absolute power, nickname the pyramid age.
- The Middle Kingdom- Egypt's golden age, trade, art, literature flourished, built strong armies to defend itself.
- The New Kingdom- Egypt's expansion period, expanded borders through military conquest and became a world power.
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