US Homefront:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
First peacetime draft in US history. Passed in 1940 and was used until 1973 to fill military needs. After 1973, US military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
2. Women's role in WWII
Rosie the Riveter-women labor poster. Worked in factories and farmed because the men were over seas fighting. Preformed men jobs. Made war materials. Red Cross and older military organizations. Tested airplanes but didn't fight or drop bombs. Many worked in the military but did not in the front line.
3. African-American's role in WWII
Many black men volunteered. They were separated from the whites and were thought to of as not as good so most were cooks or other less menial jobs. Most famous were the Tuskegee Airmen. Worked at factories and on farms.
4. Asian's role in WWII
If they didn't fight they stayed at home and worked on farms and in factories. Wore badges to show that they were from the US. Were translators.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
Made videos that illistrated hate to Germany. Bob Hope- born in Britian and was a great American comedian. USO: United Service Organization-tried to entertain American troops, propoganda, entertain people back home and get their mind off of the war, inspire people to do their part in the war, and there were news reels before movies instead of previews. USO presented performances with people like: Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, The Marx Brothers, The Rockettes, Mickey Rooney, and most famously Bob Hope.
6. Office of Price Administration
Established in 1941 to administer price controls. 8,000 rationing borads 200,000 volunteers to assist 60,000 employees of the agency. Restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon. Gas rationing started May 1942 on the East Coast, 5 gallons per week. Stickers A-4 gal wk, B-war workers, C-doctor, and T-truckers. Black markets for gas stickers and gas.
7. War Production Board
MINE
8. National War Labor Board
Started in WWl. Designed to keep people from going on strike, having all people work together. Together we win.
9. How the Homefront helped win the war **Know**
Rationed a lot of food and other war materials. Normal industries changed to war industries. Women working in factories. Hollywood insired more people to dislike the Germans.
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
Sank thousands of allies ships. We built faster ships that would get away from them. Use of Ultra. HFDF-being able to detect things under water. Convoy System-travel in big numbers (can't take out all of them) Germans used wolf pack with U-boats to counter this. Depth charges and aircrafts like the Hunter-Killer that were used to attack U-boats.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
Ultra- British name to decode German's messaging code. Knew what Germans were going and doing because we were desyphered their codes. Bombe-machine that desyphered German codes. Capitalists- people who desyphere the code. Magic- Allies forces that the US desyphere Japan codes.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
Germany invading the Soviet Union using blitzkreig. Why Hitler did this? Wanted Ukraine for farmland, could use people for slave labor, despised ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish Bolshevik" masters, defeating USSR would further isolate the Allies, wanted oilfields, didn't trust Stalin, and Western Front fighting was over (except GB). 3 places they were planning to attack Stalingrad, Lenningrad, and Moscow (capital didn't get to it just outside of it). Ultimately helped the Allies because Germany lost a lot of soldiers and resources. Soviets won. Siege of Leningrad: siege-blockade of a city and bombing it. People became canibals because of the blockade.
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Erwin Rommel-The Desert Fox. Bernard Montgomery-nickname "Monty". George Patten-major US general in WWll and fought in Africa and Europe.
Operation Torch- The British-American invasion of French North Africa started on Nov. 8, 1942. By mid 1943, we had defeated the Germans, Italians and the Vichy France.
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
George C. Marshall-Chief of Staff of the US Military during WWll.
Dwight D. Eisenhower-Mine. Allies Supreme Commander in D-Day and the when troops were landing on Normandy. Eisenhower also led the Allies forces in the Battle of the Bulge. He was regarded as one of the greatest and most important generals of World War 2 and later went on to be the President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
George Patten-major US general in WWll and fought in Africa and Europe.
MacArthur-US general against Japan.
Nimitz-Admiral in the Navy, Chief of Navigation, head of the Navy against Japan.
Bradley-Famous US general in WWll and fought in Africa and involved after the D-Day invasion.
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
D-Day--June 6th 1944. Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France. 2 phases: 1st-airborne assault landing of 24,000 British, American, Candadian, and Free French airborne troops shorty after midnight. 2nd-amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 AM.
INVASION OF GERMAN CONTROLLED FRANCE
There were also decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas. The operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops. Roughly 10,000 Allied causalities(6,600 US).
Atlantic Wall: An extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along western coast of Europe. Built as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of the mainland continent from GB.
16. Battle of the Bulge
Started on December 16th 1944. Called the battle fo the bulge because the Germans made a bulge by pushing forward. Very cold snowy winter. Over million men: 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans, and 55,000 British. 100,000 Germans casualitites. 81,000 American casualities. 1,400 British casualities. 800 tanks lost total. Malmedy Massacre-86 Americans were captured and murdered by Germans. This battle was the worst battle-in terms of losses-to the American Forces in WWll.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
April 1945-FDR died. He died of cerebral hemmorage. Truman took his spot and he was in charge of the atomic bomb dropping. Had to deal with post-war recovery. Dealt with womens racism. Re-elected. By the time he left office he was one of the most despised presidents ever.
18. VE Day
May 8th 1945: Victory in Europe day. Famous sailor with nurse kiss.
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
Island Hopping: Military Strategy against Japan because we couldn't take control of all the islands. So they just took the larger more important islands. By taking control of the larger islands the smaller ones around them would not have enough resources.
Philippines: December 7th 1941. Japanese attacked the Philippines same day as Pearl Habor. Philippines, Japan Bataan Death March-US treated badly by Japan. 60 mile forcible transfer of 75,000 Americans and Flip in a POW camp.
2nd Part: MacArthur's Return to the Philippines.
Battle of Coral Sea: Fought from May 4-8, 1942. Near Australia was kind of a stalemate which the US considered a win because Japan had won a lot. Major naval battle between Japan navy and Allied navy and air forces from US and Australia. Battle was 1st action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other.
Battle of Midway: Widely reagarded as the most important naval battle against Japan. Fought between June 4-7, 1942. Japan aimed to eliminate the US as a strategic power in the Pacific and believed a victory at Midway Island would do just that. US Navy decisively defeated the Japan Navy attack against Midway island. Japan's Navy suffered heavy losses and never recovered from this battle. Magic played a vital role in the Allied victory. True victory. Japan never the same after this. Stopped their advancement just like the Battle of Coral Sea.
Guadalcanal: The Guadacanal Campaign, was fought between August 7, 1942 to February 9, 1943 in the Solomon Island Archipelago. The Guadacanal campaign was a significant strategic victory by the Allied forces over Japan. US became more offensive after this instead of defensive.
Iwo Jima: Like D-Day attack. Amphibious attack. 6,821 US deaths at Iwo Jima. Mount Suribachi was were the flag was raised at.
Okinawa:
20. Navajo Code Talkers
Never written down anywhere (Navajo Code). 29 people all together. One of the reasons why we won the war we could translate magic and other ones but axis powers could read the navajo code talkers language. No one knew about them until 1968.
21. Doolittle's Raid
Bombed Tokyo
22. Manhattan Project
Secret military project to produce the first U.S. nuclear bomb. Started because the US had thoughts that Germany was making nuclear bombs. General Leslie Groves was the general in charge of the project. Scientist in charge of it was J Robert Oppenheimer. Alamogordo, New Mexico was were the Manhattan Project took place. Trinity was the name of the first nuclear bomb used.
23. Hiroshima bombing
Bomb-"Litle Boy". Series of bombing the US did on Japan. The plane was called Enola Gay and Paul Tibbits was the piliot. If people didn't die right away a lot died later from the radiation. Next 5 years people died from radiation.
24. Nagasaki bombing
Bomb-"Fat man". Planed was called Bockscar. 40% of it was destroyed. If people didn't die right away a lot died later from the radiation. Next 5 years people died from radiation.
25. VJ Day-Victory in Japan Day
August 14-15. Japan surrendered thus ending WW2.
26. Yalta Conference
Germany would be broken into 4 occupation zones (US, GB, France, USSR). Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe. Stlain promesed to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over. Have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations.
27. Nuremburg Trials
Trails held in German city, Nuremburg after WW2. Lasted about 10 months. Was for all the unfair things people did to Jewish people did during the Holocaust.
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
After the bombing at Pearl Habor the US got scared and thought that all Japanese people in the US were spys. So they started interment camps to keep an eye on them to make sure they weren't spying on the US. Wasn't that bad, but could only take what they could put in a suitcase and had to sell homes, had jobs also.
29. GI Bill of Rights
To help the members of the Armed Forces adjust to civilian life after separation from service. To give those who cannot afford a higher education the change to get one.
30. Why did the Allies win WW2?
Had more resources, and the Axis powers were running out. The atomic bombs. More people/forces. Mass production of goods-women helped out in factories. Decoding Magic and Ultra. Navajo Codetalkers. Hitler's mistakes-taking over the army and invading Russia over winter.
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