Test Tomorrow: Z-A
Cold War project: week from monday...8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-highlight the major arms race...atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs
Cold War-a political,strategic, idealogical war between the US & Soviets from 1945-1991
US Home-front:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
-First peacetime draft in U.S. histroy
-Used until 1973 to fill military needs
-After 1973, U.S. military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
2. Women's role in WWII
-Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WW2
-When men went to war the women would stay home and help by working in the factory
-Nursing was a big thing that women did.
-Women played as secretaries to send letters and ect. to the families of lost loved ones.
-women worked as farmers, waitresses, typers, elevator operators, teachers, conductors, and other things that men usually worked.
-every branch of military had an army core. WAC-Women's Army Core. They did things to help the military like photography, and helping in factories. WAVES- Women in the navy. They did claricle things. WASP-Women's Army Service Pilots. They tested new aircraft
-Important to can food
3. African-American's role in WWII
-Half a million that served in Europe but were "unfit" people. They were segregated from white. They weren't deemed able to fight in front lines at first.
- Fought in WW2. not seen as people who could fight in front lines. They were cooks and engineers to start off with.
-Worked with white soldiers. Many worked in factories and farms.
4. Asian's role in WWII
-They volunteered. 2 groups of them got purple hearts. They had to wear buttons that say they were Japanese, Asian, and so forth.
-They did interpreting for some of them. Many fought well for out country but were discriminated.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
- let some of their biggest stares enlist in the war.
-Movies were big propaganda to stay positive or join the army.
-Showed America's heritage and patriotism.
-Some movies showed what was going on over seas.
-used to relax people.
-Entertain the troops.
-Bob hope- was a entertainer. Comedian, singer, actor.
-USO is a non-profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the U.S. military since 1941 and is still around. Bob hope was a big part of this.
-From 1941 to 1947 the USO presented more than 400,000 performances.
- Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Bob Hope.
6. Office of Price Administration
-Maintained the price of household items during the war.
-They put a limit on how much people could buy.
-people were given ration stamps and had only so many. The ration stamps would last a week before more are given.
-You can't give out your excess stamps to anyone else. You could only use your own.
-We had to cutback to help ration to help with our soldiers and allies.
-Sugar, meat, clothes, gas were all rationed.
-Most people had A sticker which allowed 4 gallons a weeks. B stickers and c stickers were better
7. War Production Board
-The board that regulates and limits the supplies that go to war.
-Rationed things like gasoline, paper, plastic, and other things needed for war.
-Expand businesses and redo businesses to make factories produce more war products.
-Keep production of war things up.
-Didn't want people to waste time during the war.
8. National War Labor Board
-Made sure that workers kept efficient during the war.
-If everyone worked together then we can win because we will produce enough things for the war.
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war....Bruns will ask everyone
- The U.S. produced so many war goods that we couldn't be stopped. Tanks, guns, ammo.
- Women, African Americans, Asians all helped with production of goods.
-Hollywood helped keep the war positive
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
- Convoy system. If merchant ships were lead by war ships then we could defeat the Germans ships.
-Make faster ships that could outrun German ships.
- British changed their codes so Germany couldn't decipher when we would be transporting goods.
-use technology like radar and find were Germany is and avoid the enemy.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
- Magic was the United States big code decipher utensil. Mainly used against Japan.
-Ultra was the British Decipher used against Germany
-Individual spies in different countries.
-HF/DF- we could find were u-boats were
-Radar-Could find boats above water.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-wanted Ukraine for farmland
-Use some people for slave labor.
-Wanted the oil field.
-Thought Stalin was going to attack Germany.
-German invasion of USSR
-largest invasion(greatest land war)...in world history
-June 22, 1941
-Russia & Germany lost more people in this war than the U.S. lost in the whole war
-Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
-German Army split into 3 sections...Hilter thought we capture these three cities...we're gold
-Stalingrad-took a year to get to stalingrad, Hitler had 90% of the city under German control...than winter happened. Soviets hold out & start pushing back during second winter.
-Took 6 months to get to the 3 cities
-Moscow-October 1941-January 1942...was never invaded...got within 12 miles of it, when winter set in the Germans suffered again & the soviets push back...Moscow was saved. Consequence of this battle...Hitler took over the military
-Leningrad-St. Petersburg today, started on September 8,1941-January 27,1944, one of the longest & most destructive sieges in history & one of the most costly in terms of casualties...during winter cannibalism started to occure. Soviets recaptured the city because the germans started to pull back troops...the Germans never took the city because the civilians never gave in. It was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced.
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
-Africa-North African Campaign...Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the invasion...First area that we fought the vichi french. Lasted little under a year. George Patton was the big general in Africa
-Operation Torch-the name for the invasion of French North Africa started on November 8, 1942
-Italy-started with the invasion of Sicily...it was Britain, Canada & the US, we invaded by air & water, the axis defended Britian but invaded further up and took germany off Sicily...when british invaded further up in italy they didn't think it was going to be a big resistance. Italian government surrendered, Italy was now our allies. Germany still controls Italy but they all retreated because they lost soldiers. Invaded August 1943, then the government gave in.....
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley...bruns will ask 2 of these
-George Marshall-Chief of Staff of the US Military during WW2, later became secretary of state after WW2,
-George Patton-famous US general that fought in Africa and later in Europe...died after the war in a car accident in Europe
-Dwight Eisenhower-Supreme Ally Commander of all Allied Forces, 3rd in power
-Duglus MacArhur-famous US general in charge of US Army against Japan
-Admiral Chester Nimitz-in charge of navy against Japan
-General Ohmar Bradley-a famous general of WW2, involved in the war in Africa and fought in Europe after D-day
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
-took place in france after germany took it over
-June 6, 1944
-started at 2 in the morning
-had been delayed for 2 days due to bad weather
-importance was to take back France
-Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France
-The assault was conducted in 2 phases
1. an airborn assault landing of 24,000 British American, Canadian, and Free French airborne troops shortly after midnight
2. an amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 AM
-There were also decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas
-The operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,00 troops
-Roughly 10,000 Allied causalties(6,600 US)
-It was about 11 months after this attack that war was over in Europe
-Early that morning parachutes were dropped in further land shortly after midnight
-the 2nd part was the beach attack and the attack at Omaha Beach
16. Battle of the Bulge
-Germany's last offensive of the War
-Hitler wanted this to be his version of D-day
-in Belgium
-thought it the allies had one major lost they would fall apart.
-Hitler was ruining his country and using younger guys to fight
-began December 16, 1944
-largest battle the US were in, also the worst battle in terms of US casualties
-coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardannes Forest on the German/Belgium border
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
-died of cerebral hemerage
18. VE Day
-May 8, 1945
-Victory in Europe
-war was not over against Japan
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa...bruns will ask 2 of these
-Island Hopping-one of the US tactics to get the islands back from Japan, invade an island hop over some and invade another island, eventually trade will be cut off because they will run out of supplies.
-Philippines- December 7, 1941 Japan also attack the Philippines/bombed it. General MacArthur was the General of the Philippines, he didn't want to leave but was forced to, 6 months later in may 1942 we surrendered. Bataan Death March-60 miles forcible transfer of 75,000 American & Filipino POWs to a POW camp, was characterized by physical abuse and murder, 6,000 and 11,000 men died(perhaps closer to 20,000), due to this(and other causes) Japanese officals faced war crimes trails after the war,Americans and the Filipinos wanted the philippines back, began with attacks on Leyte Gulf on October 24, 1944. September 15, 1944 MacArthur returns to the Philippines
-Coral Sea & Midway were 2 turning points in war against Japan.
-if we lost Coral Sea Japan would have probably invaded Australia, if we lost Midway Japan would have probably invaded Hawaii
-Guadalcanal-The Guadalcanal Campaign was fought between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 in the Solomon Island Archipelago, the Guadalcanal campaign was a significant strategic victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre, Guadalcanal marked the transition by the Allies form defensive operations to offensive.
-Iwo Jima-first time we went to Japan to attack them, Allies charged the island, we had naval and airforces to back us, Japanese had tunnels that were deep, made it hard for Japan to escape, took 30 days
Okinawa-known as one of the bloodiest battle. Americans were on ships around the islands, other allies would be on land.
20. Navajo Code Talkers
-they used Navajo language for their codes so the enemies couldn't decode it. for the words that weren't in the Navajo language they would use other words.
-there were 29 code talkers, and 2 stayed back to help/teach
-this was one of the reasons that the allies won the war
-the code talkers received no recognition until the declassification of the operation in 1968
-in 1982 the code talkers were given a Certificate of Recogonition by US President Ronald Reagan, who also named August 14, 1982 "Navajo Code Talkers Day"
21. Doolittle's Raid
-in March of 1942
-it was like a little pin prick...we bombed tokoyo...crashed landed in China...some were captured, killed and some lived/escaped
22. Manhattan Project
-July 1945
-code name for the development of the atomic bombs
-General Leslie Groves was put in charge...was not happy about it
-J Robert Oppenheimer...communist...scientist that was put in charge
-Alamogordo, New Mexico...was were they tested the bomb
-Trinity was the first atomic bomb dropped...dropped from a tower and not an airplane
23. Hiroshima bombing
-August 6
-Paul Tibbits dropped the bomb...he called his plane Enola Gay
-was the little boy bomb
-exploded before it hit the ground
-camera plane that was supposed to take pics...got lost
24. Nagasaki bombing
-Fat man bomb
-August 9...3 days after the Hiroshima bombing
-Chuck Sweeny...the plane was Bockscar
-camera plane was with them
-they got in trouble after it
-were only supposed to drop it if they could see clearly...they couldn't see clearly...and didn't hit their target
-dropped it into mountainous terrain
25. VJ Day
-August 14, 1945
-Japan surrendered thus ending WW2
-August 15 in Japan
26. Yalta Conference
-February 1945...in Russia
-Churchill, Stalin & President FDR
-Germany would be broken into four occupation zones(US, GB, France, USSR)
-Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe
-Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
-Have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations
27. Nuremburg Trials
-in Germany after WW2
-for what happened in the Holocaust
-trails set up for war crimes
*-GI Bill of Rights(General Issues)- as troops are coming back...help former troops come back and get jobs, go to college...transition them back into everyday life...important bill...got our country going
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
-After Pearl Harbor everyone thought that the Japanese were spies so they built concentration camps and were watched by soldiers.
-we didn't kill them...forced them to sell their homes/everything
-were able to go to school...have entertainment...baseball games...were given jobs & were paid
29. Why did the Allies win WW2...bruns will ask everyone
-more people/countries...more of a fighting force
-more resources...fuel, oil
-mass production...we produced more materials then they could keep up with
-technology
-magic & ultra...knew what our enemies were doing...navajo code talkers
-atomic bombs
-we had more food and all the war bonds
-Hitler's/axis powers mistakes....hitler taking over the military...invading the USSR...stretching out his troops, his suppy lines...had to go all over...had to fuel troops & tanks
-women because they were involved in the production of materials
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