TEST TOMORROW...
US Homefront:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
-first peacetime draft in USA history
-used until 1943 to fill military needs
-after 1973, USA military depended on volunteers
2. Women's role in WWII
-Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WWII
-nurses, secretaries
-farm workers, waitresses, bus drivers, conductors, taxi drivers
-each division had a women's group (example: Women's Army Corps, clerical workers, Navy typists, WASPS (Women's Army Service Pilots))
-planting gardens and canning foods
3. African-American's role in WWII
-500,000ish that stepped up and fought valiently
-did not stand in front lines, segregated (many were cooks, mechanics, and such at first)
-Tuskegeee Airmen
-ended up working together with whites
4. Asian American's role in WWII
-not drafted but many volunteers
-wore buttons that kept them apart from the enemy, discrimination was there
-interpreters
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
-some big stars enlisted
-movies were a big propaganda items
-entertainment for troops
-Bob Hope (most famous entertainer, singer, comedian for troops), part of USO (United Service Organization)
-Other USO entertainers- Bing Crosby, Bette Davis, Frank Sinatra, Lucille Ball, Glenn Miller
6. Office of Price Administration (OPA)
-maintained prices of household things
-ration stamps
7. War Production Board
-regulates and puts limits on America's supplies
-made ration tickets
-changed businesses into wartime/production businesses
8. National War Labor Board
-helped workers stay efficient
*9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
(can include all of the above topics)
-production of war goods (ships, tanks, ammunition, food)
-women, African Americans, Asian Americans
-Hollywood
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
-protect merchant ships with war boats (convoy system)
-faster ships
-radar and Ultra detected where German Uboats were so we could avoid them
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
-Magic-USA code breaker/decipherer/translator for Japanese messages
-Ultra-British code translator for Germany/Italy messages
-spies
-RADAR-detects vessels above water
-HF/DF-detects submarines
-Enigma-machine Germany used to transmit info (code gets solved by Allies)
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-German invasion of USSR-summer 1941-largest invasion in world history
-Lebensraum (living space for Germans in Russia) is the reason Hitler invaded USSR
-another reason is the Ukraine had good farmland
-thought Stalin and USSR would attack him first
-Stalingrad (saved), Leningrad (sieged), Moscow (saved-Hitler never gets there)
-Stalingrad and Moscow the turning point of the war in Russia
-Leningrad siege resulted in cannibalism
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
-Africa-USA General George Patton
-Africa-entered in Morocco
-Afrcia-Erwin Rommel (The Desert Fox)
-Africa-also fought Vichy France (bad)
-Africa-Casablanca Conference-unconditional surrender (Germany does whatever we say)
-Italy-began with the invasion of Sicily
-Italy-USA, GB, Canada
-Italy-Mussolini killed-Germany still has control of Italy
14. US Generals-a) Marshall,
-Chief of Staff of USA Military (only person above him was the president)
b) Eisenhower,
-supreme Allies commander of all Allies forces in WWII
c) Patton,
-US general that fought in Africa and later in Europe...died in car accident after the war
d) MacArthur,
-general in charge of the army against Japan
e) Nimitz,
-admiral in charge of the US Navy against Japan
f) Bradley
-general involved in war in Africa and in Europe after D Day
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
-June 6, 1944
-we sent fake intelligence that sent Hitler north of where we planned to land
-Omaha beach, along with two other beaches
-goal to take back France
-beginning of the end of the war
-largest amphibious (water to land) invasion in world history
-the Atlantic wall-built by Germany as a defense against Allied invasion
16. Battle of the Bulge
-Hitler's last offensive of the war
-December 16, 1944
-Hitler was dillusional
-battle not successful
-The Malmedy Massacre
-worst battle (in terms of losses) to US forces in WWII
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
-died of cerebral hemrage
-about a month after this Hitler commits suicide with poison then a gunshot (on the day he married Eva Braun)
18. VE Day
-May 8, 1945
-Victory in Europe day (war still not over in Japan)
19. Battle in the Pacific-a) Island Hopping,
-tactic to take back islands
-trying to sort of surround the Japanese
b) Philippines,
-Japan also attacked Philippines on Dec. 7, 1941
-General MacArthur
-Bataan Death March forced POWs to POW camps
-we wanted Japanese out of the Philippines
-Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 24, 1944)
-Japanese Kamikazes-sucide bombers
-Japanese wins until MacArthur returns
c) Coral Sea,
-first loss of Japanese from us
-battle of aircraft carriers and airplanes only
-one major turning point in the war against Japan
d) Midway,
-possibly the most important naval battle against Japan
-US Navy defeats Japan Navy
-our revenge from Pearl Harbor
-second major turning point in war against Japan
e) Guadalcanal,
-Allies attack Japanese in the Guadalcanal Campaign
-many battles on different islands
-Japan withdraws
f) Iwo Jima,
-First Allies attack on Japan at home
-Japanese dug in, outnumbered, no easy retreat
-"Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" on Mount Suribachi by 5 US Marines, 1 US Navy Corpsman
g) Okinawa,
-Japanese Island
-one of the worst battles in Philippines area
20. Navajo Code Talkers
-Navajos couldn't even break the codes (example-"sheep pain"=spain, "whale"=battleship)
-Saved 1000's of lives
-Never broken
-Magic and Ultra gave us enemy information but they didn't have ours
21. Doolittle's Raid
-lead by James Doolittle in March 1942
-a pinprick but at least Japan knew we were after them
-bombers take off from a carrier and bomb Tokyo
22. Manhattan Project
-code name for the development of the nuclear bombs
-General Leslie Groves (even though he didn't want to be in charge)
-J. Robert Oppenheimer (scientist in charge)
-Alamogorda, NM (place where atomic bomb was first tested)
-Trinity (first a-bomb explosion)
23. Hiroshima bombing
-Enola Gay and Paul Tibbits (plane built specifically for the atomic bomb on Hiroshima)
-Hiroshima-August 6, 1945, Little Boy, uranium bomb (camera guy got lost so not many pics)
-people suffered from burns and radiation sickness if you weren't killed instantly
24. Nagasaki bombing
-Nagasaki-August 9, 1945, Fat Man, plutonium bomb (camera guy was there)
-Bockscar and Chuck Sweeny
-bad vision, target missed, dropped in mountains, less destruction than Little Boy
25. VJ Day
-Victory in Japan Day
-August 14, 1945, WWII is over
26. Yalta Conference Compromise
-Germany would be broken into 4 occupation zones (US, GB, France, USSR)
-Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe (didn't happen)
-Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
-Have a conference in San Fran to set up United Nations
27. Nuremburg Trials
-held in Nuremburg, Germany over what happened in the Holocaust
-sort of like a "going after" of the Nazis
-GI (General Issue) Bill- helped former soldiers transition back to everyday life (college, jobs, get a home)
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
-camps organized for Japanese to be watched in case they were spies (after Pearl Harbor)
-they had to sell everything
-school, entertainment, jobs available
*29. Why We Won the War
-the Allies included more countries so we had more fighting power
-the US especially had more resources (fuel, etc.) than the Axis powers
-the US had mass production of supplies and equipment and ammunition
-the Allies had the Atomic bombs
-we used Navajo codetalkers, Magic, Ultra
-Hitler's mistakes (invading USSR, declaring war on US, overextending troops, long supply lines)
****My Cold War Project topic-1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II
The Cold War- A political, strategic, and ideological struggle between the US and USSR between 1945-1991
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