Tuesday April 2nd

[4 Tiffany]

Group test next wednesday:

-The US Home front-Where the families of soldiers live. Back home to help war effort.

• Women's role- Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WWII. Women took over jobs after the men left for war. Limited in roles during WWII. Women gave jobs up when the men came back from war. Nurses, farmers, waitresses, time keepers, messengers, teachers, conductors, searchlight operators. Women's army core. allowed women into the army and do about everything except combat. WAVES-women's navy WASP-women army service pilot.
• Factories-War Production Board: making things. Encouraging mass production of goods. Had more materials than the axis powers. National War Labor Board-together we win, owner and worker shaking hands. Owners don't want workers to go on strike. Work together, we will win.
• War bonds-how we paid for the war. every person sees how much they are worth. is an investment. giving the government money and down the road make the money back with interest. Posters and songs were trying to get people to buy war bonds.
• Japanese relocation camps- put the Japanese into camps because they could have been spies. They were American citizens. forced to sell belongings. Sent to camps. Most camps in desert areas. Some died in these camps. Kids went to school, adults were given jobs and paid. Were told for their own safety but we didn't trust them.
• Propaganda-urgency. can be done in posters, movies, songs, or music. a lot aimed to get people to buy war bonds, enlist in the army, made the U.S look good and the Germans bad, to do our part. important to keep the people behind the war effort.
• War rationing-Office of Price Administration- was a controlled distribution of scarce food sources and services. Had a set amount. example: food, clothing, gasoline, everyday things that we need. Started because make sure everyone had enough, concerned about the wealthy people buying and selling it for a profit. Everyone got a rationing stamps. Cant share stamps, used coupon type books. Black market developed.
• Hollywood in WWII- tied in with propaganda. Bob Hope started the USO tour to entertain the soldiers. Still around today. Allow the hard times to leave for a few hours.
• The story of "Kilroy was here"- graffiti. comes from Britain. way of complaining about rationing.

US Fighting:

-US in Africa-Took place in North Africa. Countries-Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Algeria ended with Tunisia. Axis: Italy, Germany, Vichy-France. Allies: U.S, Great Britain, Free French. A lot of resources in Africa that Italy had control of. We wanted control to stop Italy. Start in 1940-1943. Operation Torch-we invaded two cities to gain control of. Sent troops and the cities were not expecting and took over easily. November 8th 1942. Italy and Germany surrendered. Opened the door to invade Italy. Liked a D-day invasion. Desert Fox-Erwin Rommel. Put to death by having his name associated with an assassination of Hitler. George Patton-U.S general. General in Africa and D-Day. Died in a car accident.

-US in Italy- Moved into Sicily, which is an island. Very bloody. Casualties in the 300,000 for both sides. Battling the Germans. The government of Italy surrendered in 1943. Free from German forces in 1945. Made it tough fighting because of the mountains. Italy was weaker than France.

-D-Day- Invasion of Normandy, France. June 6, 1944 Operation overlord. Because Germany had control over France. June 5 condition was bad weather. We couldn't delay because Hitler could have found out about the attack. Had false attacks. Invasion fleet came from 8 different navies. Started with paratroopers, then boats. U.S, Canada, U.K, and others were involved. Different Air Forces. Lasted about a month. Was successful. Major General Eisenhower.

-US bombing of Germany- used fire bombs. Roosevelt was questioned why he didn't railroad lines to concentration camps. Answered because it was not a military objective. The United States Army Air Forces joined together with the Royal Air Force and carried out several bombing raids in Europe. The Flying Fortresses, otherwise known as the 8th Air Force's bombers. They were to bomb German locations such as factories, naval bases, shipyards, railroads yards and junctions, power plants, steel mills, and airfields. The decision that the Royal Air Force attacks would be backed by the USAAF in Operation Pointblank was made at the Casablanca Conference. Sir Charles Portal was in charge of both the USAAF and the RAF. When the bombings started only 20% of the bombs fell within range of their primary target. In fall of 1944 only 7% fell within reach of their target that were dropped by the 8th Air Force. One of the bombing on Germany by United Forces was the Bombing of Dresden. This bombing occurred on February 13 and 15 1945. It happened in four raids and was justified as bombing of military and industrial targets. Both the Royal Air Force from Britain and the United States Army Air Force contributed a total of 722 heavy bombers and dropping 3,900 tons of explosives. The bombs destroyed 15 square miles and 22,000-25,000 people killed. Another bombing event took place on the city of Hamburg. The battle started July 24, 1943 and lasted for eight days and seven nights. This battle was also called the Hiroshima of Germany by the British. The forces involved were the RAF and the USAAF 8th Air Force. The British and the U.S divided the responsibilities of bombing, the Royal Air Force bombed at night and the U.S during the day. Several other attacks happened on the towns of Kassel, Pforzheim, and Mainz.

-VE Day and the story of Germany surrendering: Hitlers last offensive was Battle of the Bulge. Hitler committing suicide in April. German soldiers dropped out of countries that they were in. Berlin then Denmark, Netherlands, and Italy. Early May 1945. Signed the Instrument of Surrender. Had to sign two different times with different members of Allies to witness. This happened on May 8th 1945.

Island Hopping: Start at one and skip over the next. hit the next one, skip over the next.

-Battle of Coral Sea: By Australia. Lasted two days. First battle of Pacific war for the U.S. Found out the Japanese were going to take over these islands and if won then Australia will be forced to withdraw from teh Allies. Would have lost a major navy. Found out about it using Magic. First day was May 7th 1942. Was all hetic and attacking smaller forces. Major attack was when Japanese spotted an U.S oiler. 2nd day battle against cruisers. U.S only lost 3 ships and 1 damaged. Japanese cancelled the invasion. Battle was a draw, but considered a U.S victory. Helped save Australia from invasion

-Battle of Midway: Saved Hawaii from a Japanese invasion. Was just an airstrip. Because of Magic, we knew the attack was coming. Japan still did some damage to the U.S. Mostly fought over water. U.S destroyed the Japanese. Considered a major turning point. A major victory. Japan was never the same. After MIdway japanese could not keep up with production of planes and such. June 1942.

Kamakasi-divine wind. Plane strap yourself with abunch of explosives and drive into a ship. Hopping to turn the tide of the war. Was not successful.  

-Battle of Iwo Jima: Month long battle. Was the bloodiest battle of the Pacific. 6,891 U.S men died. 22,000 Japanese soldiers died. Japanese committed suicide. Had 3 major airfields. U.S needed to get control over. Didn't have any issues on the shore. Japan was underground for a lot of the war. Days before we were bombing them. Didn't do much damage because they were in the ground. Most famous would be the 5 men raising the flag on Mount Suribachi.

-Battle of the Philippines: Was a U.S territory. .December 7, 1941 Japan invaded and we lost. General McArthur he was ordered to leave to Australia. Paton Death March. Forced to march from one camp to the other. Many killed, starved, sickness, dehydrated. Japanese beat them during the March. McArthur returns three years later. We invade the Philippines again and we take it back. Was not an easy battle.

-Battle of Okinawa: Battle in 1945 last for 82 days. Happened in early April ended in June. Wanted because it was closer to Japan. Bloody battle. Lots of causalities. U.S and Allies lost over 65,000. Civilians killed themselves because Japanese told them to commit mass suicide so the U.S couldn't take prisoners. 165,000 people died. Crippled Japanese Navy

-Hiroshima bombing: They had to build a plane strong enough to hold the bomb. He named the plane Enola Gay. Paul Tibbits was the pilot. Nickname was little boy. 80-90% of doctors and nurses were killed so there wasn't many to help with injury. A lot of people died of fires. Target was a bridge. They hit it, but it survived. It was just badly damaged. Because the extreme heat and brightness it would burn shadows on the ground. Radiation sickness started happening. People started asking if we should've done it because all of the people dying, but it would of been worse if we would've invaded Japan. Uranium bomb.

-Nagasaki bombing: Nickname was Fat man. Very heavy. Nagasaki was in the mountains, so saved lives. We had to be very careful where we place because if we put it in a religious city Japan might sent Soviet Union after us. Bockscar was the plane that carried the bomb. Plutonium bomb. Almost ran out of gasoline. Couldn't see target, so that's why they dropped it there. It did less damage because they dropped in the mountain. They almost crashed into the ocean. The war saved them. Even though it didn't do much damage it still did a lot.

-VJ Day and the story of Japan surrendering: August 14th or August 15th 1945. The Japanese and us officials meet on the us Missouri to sign the end of war papers.  

-Yalta Conference: Germany would be broken into four occupation zones. (US, GB, France, USSR). Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe, Stalin forced those countries to be communist. Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over. Have a conference at Sean Francisco to set up the United Nations.

-Potsdam Conference: July of 1945. Temporarily divided Vietnam. Goals of the occupation of Germany; demilitarize, denazification, democratization. They have to give land back. Any German living outside of the border will be pushed back in.

-Oppenheimer and Groves: People didn't know they were making bombs and they used a bunch of code names. Very top secret. Soviets had a spy there

Alamondordo, New Mexico: First place atomic bomb was let off. Test bomb was known as Trinity.