The body of water that separates Africa and Europe is Mediterranean sea
Douglas Macarthur was famous officer for the army
-The US Home front
- Women's role
- worked in the factories for the men who were fighting in the war; factories were a key factor in why the allies won the war
- Rosie the Riveter = represented women saying we can help in this war and won't get building muscles
- Nursing was a common job for woman also
- Others = waitresses, taxi drivers, farm workers, typist, secretary job, nursing, factory workers, laundrist etc.
- They tried to recruit women by telling them 'the more you work, the faster your loved ones can return home to you.'
- Women's army core = women just help out with everyday jobs that the men could not do while they were overseas.
- WAVES (Women's Navy) = they wouldn't fight on the seas but they would do everything that was non-combat like
- WASP (women's army service pilots) = they would test plans and work on them
- WAC (Women's army core) = any type of work that didn't involve combat
- Factories-War Production Board
- Tried to encourage mass production of goods; this United States production of goods for the allies was probably the #1 reason why we won WW2
- Make as much stuff as you could; don't waste time while you're working
- National War Labor Board = all about workers and owners working together and put aside their differences and work together so that no strikes would break out. "Because together we win"
- War bonds
- An investment where you would lend money to the government; you would eventually make interest on this and earn money back
- The more money you had, the more war bonds you invested in
- This paid for the war
- Japanese relocation camps
- Made because the government were fearful of Japanese spies and we couldn't trust them
- It was like a concentration camp for the Japanese but there were very few deaths/killings from sickness and some violent acts (not many) and it was nothing close to the Jews concentration camps; they were able to play sports, go to school, get jobs and get paid.
- The Japanese-Americans we caught were actually innocent. The only Japan spies we caught were Caucasian
- These camps were mostly in the west; many in California
- On October 1, 1993, President Bill Clinton officially wrote an apology for forcing the Japanese-Americans into camps; this letter also made an Act to make mends with them and make things right; they were given money
- Propaganda
- Persuading people to do something
- Examples= Getting people to buy war bonds, Enlisting yourself in the military during WW2, Made U.S. look great and Germany look bad, 'Do your part' to work (women etc)
- Urgency was a key thing with propaganda; do it TODAY
- Posters, songs, movies, phrases etc
- War rationing-Office of Price Administration
- Set up to prevent the rich from hording all the food
- In the spring of 1942, food rationing was set into motion
- Involved food stamps: Red/Blue stamps
- Made it so each family during the war could only have so much food/oil/gas/silk/nylon per week; it made sure everybody got something
- Each family was allowed 5 gallons of gas per week; this amount ranged depending on your occupation (doctors, truck drivers, war workers got more than a normal civilian)
- Each family was issued a war rationed book which kept track of their food intake and guaranteed them food every week.
- There were illegal activities going on though; selling gasoline for money, copying stamps, giving stamps to friends/family etc.
- Horse meat was not rationed
Hollywood in WWII
- Number one role of Hollywood to make the greatness of America go viral and made the enemy look bad
- The whole entertainment industry went under big changes because propoganda industries began to work with film makers to enhance how "amazing and god-like" America was
- Theature attendance was at an all time high
- This led to the growth of the influence of Hollywood celebrities
- Many celebrities were working as spies for the American government
The story of "Kilroy was here"
- They would build ships. They would put flags on the ship to keep track of their hours.
- Then a guy named Kilroy was fed up with people taking out his flags and then he started drawing a cartoon and would write Kilroy was here.
- Hitler and those guys were afraid Kilroy was a spy.
US Fighting:
- -US in Africa
- Took place in June, 1940 to May, 1943
- Took place in Libya, Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, and ended in Tunisia
- It was Germany and Italy and Vichy-french against Britain, free-France, and eventually the United States (November 1942)
- They wanted control of the natural oils, and resources, and to take over the Mediterranean sea, etc.
- The land was very flat and desert-like
- Weapons used on land = tanks worked very well there
- Great Britain and the United States ultimately win
- Operation Torch (November 1942) = the major attack plan by United States to invade north Africa
- Erwin Rommel (The desert fox) = the most famous German general; he normally out-witted his opponent; he is eventually killed by the Nazi because his name was on a plan to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
- Bernard Montgomery (famous British general)
- George Patton (famous U.S. general) - led us into northern Africa and eventually D-Day; died in an automobile accident
-US in Italy
- first US moved into cissialy
- it was a really bloody fight because the terrain of Italy is mountainous.
- mainly German forces that were battling us
- Italy officially surrendered in 1943 and they were freed in 1945.
- Italy was one of the weaker places and that's why U.S went there
-D-Day
Invasion of Norman D which is in France.
The invasion was to force Germany out of France
Started on June 6th 1944
Dwight Eisenhower was commander of all the allied forces (future president of the US)
- He led the D-day invasion
- Atlantic Wall
- 3 Major General- Eisenhower, Patton and Bradley.
- The beginning of the end
-US bombing of Germany
- -US in Africa
We bombed Germany
aimed to bomb strategic things that would help us out during the war
Used a specific type of bomb that would set things on fire
We would destroy Japanese cities with these bombs to
-VE Day and the story of Germany surrendering
- Island hopping- You hopped islands--Invade Big islands and skip little islands then go invade the next big ones.
-Battle of Coral Sea
- May 1942
- Was a naval battle
- Between Australia and Papa Neguene
- Completely an air battle (Airplanes fighting each other)
- It was the first battle Japan didn't win
- First battle where it was only airplanes and on sea.
- Chester Nimitz(navy against japan) WW2 and Mcarther (Most famous WW2 general)
- Was a turning point because we stopped Japans Advance
-Battle of Midway
- Most important battle
- June 2-7th 1942 the US defeated the Japanese Navy
- MAJOR TURNING POINT
- We destroyed Japan
- Famous battle
-Battle of Iwo Jima
- Between US and Japan
- One of the firsest and bloodiest battles of all the pacific wars
- Japan knew that they weren't going to win but the commanders said they were going to fight till the death
- Casualties were huge
- This is where the famous flag picture is taken
- Land, sea and airplanes
-Battle of the Philippines
- Roosevelt ordered them to secretly leave to Australia because the Japan army was getting to big and so then he made a speech in Australia that he would return and he did and got control of Japan.
-Battle of Okinawa
- Fought on the islands
- Lasted exactly 82 days
- started in April in 1945
- The island was miles long
- The Americans lost about 7,000 men
- and 32,000 were wounded
- the Japaneses 100,000 men
- and more were taken in as prisons
- US lost aircraft and ships
- Japans lots more
- They wanted it because it was close to Japan and they could use it to bomb Japan
- First island that we took from Japan that was a Japanese island
-Hiroshima bombing
-Nagasaki bombing
-VJ Day and the story of Japan surrendering
-Yalta Conference
- Compromise- February 1945
- Germany would be broken into four sections (Germany, Italy, Soviet Union and Great Britain)
-Potsdam Conference
- July 1945
- What did it do?: Focused on Punishing/making sure Germany couldn't start wars again
- Germany would have to be more democratic and Germany and Austria were divided into 4 zones.
Manhattan Project:
- J. Robert was a scientist hand picked to developed the atomic bomb
- He wasn't to excited about this because he was told he was gonna be in charge of scientist and he wanted to be fighting
- He was a member of the communist party which caused concern but they eventually okayed them
- Alamogordo, New Mexico was the test site where they tested the bomb
- The bomb was called Trinity
- The bomb was Dropped from a tower and just exploted every where.
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