Mayan Inca and Aztecs and Spanish
Aztec
- Conquered by Cortez which they believed to be there god Quetzalcoatl.
- Conquered in the early 16th century
- Religion: polytheistic, human offerings or sacrifice very important
- Montezuma II was the leader of the Aztecs when this occurred
- Cortez tricked them and took gold and asked them to increase human sacrifice
- Very unique agriculture- Chinampas – islands to farm on
- Would use volcanic rock called obsidian with their weaponry
- Tenochtitlan was capital
- Number systems based on 20s
- Key Buildings: Templo Mayor, Saint Celilia, Acatitla, Great Pyramid of Cholula- largest man made pyramid, Temples of Sun and Moon
Mayans
- Tikal was the capital
- Classic period was from mid 3rd century to 10th
- Religion- polytheistic and human sacrifices were common
- Collapsed is still not officially unknown
- Known for calendar
- Popol Vuh is their book of creation
- Key Buildings
- Great Ball Court- winner of the games captains would die because they thought they were skipping stages to get from heaven
- Temple of the Jaguars
- Temples of Magician -
- El Castillo
Incan
- Cuzco is there capital
- No real writing systems
- Quipo/u was used for both math and reading
- Polytheistic but no human sacrifices
- Created a road system consisting of around 18k to 25k miles
- Conquered by the Pizarro and Spanish in the mid late 16th century
- Leader died and sons both want to be leader
- Massive civil war between brothers was occurring at this time
- Spanish help the side of the losing brother that died
- Small pox was being spread
- Pizarro had less than 200 men
- Temple Hill- very religious
Spanish Conquistadors
Cortes, Pizarro, Caranado
Conquistador
- A Spanish term for the word conqueror
- They were soldiers, explorers, and adventures at the service of the Spanish Empire
- Were very holy people who would generally pray before going to battle
- Obsessed with matters of honor and reputation
- Spanish soldiers had reputation for rowdiness and duels were not uncommon.
Cortes
- Born in a lower nobility
- Father- infantry Captain for army
- 2nd cousin once removed with Pizarro
- Conquered Aztecs who though he was Quetzalcoatl
Pizarro
- Defeated Inca
- Only had 168 men and 27 horses and 1 cannon
- After civil war, he took losing side and defeated the winning side.
Reason why they conquered
- Treasure- gold and silver
- Spanish Inquisition ring. Not a polytheistic type
- Not a fan of human sacrifice
- Exploring and wanted colonies
- Slaves for Spain and Colonies
- Thought they were devil like
- World Power
Issues splitting Treasure
- Bloody conflicts
- Between Pizarro and Almagro
- After Peru fell to Spain, Pizarro told Almagro before they became enemies to go to the Inca Empire northern city of Quito to claim it
- Sebastian
- The arrival of Pedro de Alvarado from Mexico in search of Inca god further complicated the situation for Almagro and Belacazar
- Almargo executed by Pizarro in 1538
- In Lima in 1541supporters of Diego Al. killed Pizarro.
- Belalcazar in 1546 ordered the death of Jorge Rebledo who govern a neighboring provice in yet another land related vendetta
- Belacazar was tried convicted an condemned for killing Robledo and othe offends and died.
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