Tues. April 17

[3Dannielle]

1. Causes of the Cold War- Charlotte

• Fear of communist attack
• Truman's dislike towards Stalin
• Russia's fear of our atomic bomb
• Russia disliked capitalism
• US's refusal to share nuclear secrets during WWII
• Russia's expansion to the west into Eastern Europe
• Russia's fear of American attack
• Russia's aim of spreading world communism.

2. Policy of Containment- Me

Domino Effect-

• Eisenhower and security advisor
• Was a chain because if one country went into communism another would follow

Iron Curtain Speech-

• Ideological and physical divide that was between the soviet controlled areas in Eastern Europe and the democratic government in Western Europe.

Marshall Plan-

• American program to aid Europe where the US could give monterary support to help rebuild the European economies in the end of WW2 to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.
• Truman Doctrine-
  A policy set forth by president Truman in a speech in 1947 stating that we would support Greece and Turkey economically

3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)- Marielle

• Established in 1938
• American Organization
• Tried to find reasons to find communist in the country
• Ended in 1975
• -What conutries were involved in the cold war? --US & USSR
• Big -3 FDR(US) Churchill(GB) and Stallin(Russia)
• Cold war ened 1945-91
• The red scare was the spread and fear of communist. Immigration was basicall band in Europe so with the red scare innocent people were tried as communist even though they wernt. We did not want communist to take us over
• Joseph McCarthy was born Nov 15, 1908 and was 38 and the youngest in republican senate
• During HUAC he engaged on communism Feb 9, 1950
• He accused Dean Acheson (secertary of state) of being a communist and knowing 205 people who were communist in the state government
• Dean hated communism a lot
• It was a problem to have communist people in the governemnt otherwise it would be easier for them to start a ervoulution
• So basicaly if you accused McCarthy he would accuse you of being communist

McCarthy Downfall

• Republican withdrawl
• His own party started to withdrawl and quit supporting him
• McCarthy hired Matthews to accuse churches of being communist -this ended in public rage
• When J. Welch said that McCarthy was using abusive tactics people began to realize that McCarthy was being rational. (He was just trying to be all powerful)

4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism- Abby

• Unjusstifed accusation of being communist without evidence- McCarthyism
• He worked in a store and quickly became manager..?
• Died of acute hepatiytes*
• At age 38 he became Senator of Wisconsin

5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian- Tevin

• Lasted June 24, 1948- May 12, 1949
• Main goal was to get the Soviet Union out of west Berlin
• Wanted to force negotiations over the division and future of Germany

Soviet Union & Berlin

• Had control of W. Berlin
• Wanted the western allies (France, GB, US) to let them supply Berlin wih food and other supplies -We were supplying West berlin, East Berlin was by soviet Union
• Soviets wanted to have control over all Berlin

Allies in Berlin

• Had control of N, S & W Berlin
• N was France
• S was USA
• W was GB
• They were called the blockade powers
• The city of Berlin was split into 4 chunks and was contolled seperatly*

6. China becoming communist-Mao-

• Warlords lasted from 1916 - 1927
• People took advantage of the land
• Chinese civil war took place from 1927 - 1937
• It was fought between the nationalist party and the communist party
• Led the split to 2 chinas (
• Last 3 years of the war were known as the war of liberation
• After war Chiang lai shek fled to Taiwan
• The Chinese communist party won the war

7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-massive retaliation, mutual detterence

• North atlantic treaty organization
• 28 countries in the nato
• Headquarters is in Belgium
• First attack on a nato country was on the U.S. with the bombing on 9-11
• Cold war allies were nato and war saw pact.
• Now the nato is canada, US and a lot of Europe
• de- stalinization, they were trying to eliminate stalin in Russia.
• Peaceful coexistence was a big issue during the cold war for the nato countries and US and Russia
• Massive retaliation was what stratedgy countries used to intimidate others. If we dropped an atomic bomb on someone they will drop more on us because of nuclear deterrence, nobody was attacking anyone because if someone did bomb somebody, they will bomb you right back. it made it all defensive still today.

8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-

• a competition for the best nuclear warfare between the US and the Soviet Union
• US,  Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China are allowed to have nuclear weapons
• North Korea, India, Pakistan, Israel - not allowed but have them anyways
• Soviet Union bomb was not able to get them first because  they work by Uranium, and they could not get a hold of it
• Today they are bombs are launched by missiles that are guided by GPS
• Joe 1 was the first bomb that the Soviets had
• Then the urged to have the best weapons led to the Nuclear arms race
• Hydrogen bombs- both tried to do this. the U.S accomplished it first- using hydrogen fusion instead of uranium fusion
• The largest was in 1960 called the B-41 it had the power to do 50% more powerful than the most powerful bomb ever detonated which was the Soviets
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty- agreement between U.S and Soviets that prohibits all testing detonations of nuclear arms besides underground 
• Nuclear Non- Proliferation treaty- was created in attempt to eliminate the spread and creations of nuclear arms. 
• It tried to stop everyone from having nuclear weapons

9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-

• Fidel was the leader of Cuba
• was an attack by Cuban rebels supported by the U.S 
• Failed miserably
• led to the Cuban missile crisis

10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-

• A quarrel with Cuba and the Soviet Union against the United States
• The closest the world go to a nuclear w
• These missiles  would be able to hit most of the United States
• Then the U.S started making their own Nuclear missiles 
• Kennedy ordered the the navy to surround Cuba 
• It was more of a problem between the Soviet Union and the U.S
• Soviet Union said they would remove the missiles if they did not invade Cuba
• The U.S did no take it. 
• The U.S had missiles in Turkey and Italy
• worst day was when U-2 was shot down in Cuba or a spy plane
• New letter comes in asking the U.S to take down their missiles in Turkey and Italy
• Cuba agreed to remove missiles, and U.S agreed to move theirs.
• U.S would never invade Cuba ,
• The Hot line was set up that way we never go to war due to lack of communication

11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down- Connor

• Germany was split into 2 countires
• Berlin was split in 1/2 with those 2 countries east and west Germany
• East germany was communist
• West was helped financially by the marshal
• 1949-1961 2.9 mill people from east germany went to west germany
• East germany lost many skillful people
• Aug. 13 1961 E germany started building the berlin wall to keep people from crossing the border and it only took 24 hours
• 96 miles long
• 11.8 feet high
• Made of concrete
• Barb wire  and guns placed on top
• at least 5000 escaped from east germany
• 1st free labor union was made in east berlin
• Nov 9 1989
• 10 pm people demanded the soldiers to open the gates
• That was the end of the communist governemnt and the berlin wall
• people spent all night tearing it down
• firefighters helped

12. Nixon's visit to China

• Feb 21, 1972 President Nixon arrived in Bejiing, China for an official trip
• This was important because the US was seeking to improve the relation with the communist cournty
• He called this week "the week that changed the world"
• He meet with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai
• The 2 leaders agreed to expand the cultural contacts between there 2 nations
• The US had 1st become inted in having political and economic ties with China in the 19th century
• Japan attacked China in 1894-95
• As a result Russia, France, Germany and GB wanted to protect their interests in China by carving up the country and each controlling one area
• The US wanted ti prevent the divison and control of China by Russia, France, Germany and GB
• 1899 and 1900 the US established the open door policy- ensured that all nationss had equal trading privileges with China
• After his visit we started to notice communist china as China, no longer just Tiwan

13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-

• Dentente (french) meaning relaxation
• Salt I - Lasted from Nov 1969- May 192. US & Soviets- decreased the amount of nuclear weapons being produced in those countries
• Salt II- continued from salt I. First nuclear arms treaty and banned new mistle programs

14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-

• Between 1979-
• Christmas in 1979, Russian pararoopers landed in Afghanistan
• The counrty was already in the grio of a civil war because of being Muslim
• This outraged the Afg. people as a strong addition of Muslim belief was a common in the country
• Mujahadeen-Fighters agaisnt the communist gov. in Afg

15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-

• March 23, 1983
• Used space base infrared and ground base systems to protect US from nuclear ballistics misstle attacks
• Space based: can detect an early warning of a missile attack
• Ground based: logging systems
• Focused on strategic defense
• Formed in 2002 and the head quarters are located in Washington DC
• Whitehoue says it would include lazers, microwave devices, particle beams and projectile beams (thats why the nikname star wars came)

16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-

 

17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-

• Mikhail Gorbachev helped end the cold war. 
• He was the last leader of the Soviet Union 
• Theory number 1.  The view of the Triumphalist-  resistance of the cold war made it too costly for the Soviet Union 
• Theory number two The Liberals- that the people in Europe were the ones who deserved the credit, since they tried to end it peacefully
• 3rd the great man Cooperation between Reagan and Gorbachev
• Afghan war-  Referred to as the Soviet  unions Vietnam war of the bear trap 
• He introduced his new thinking which helped the war end

18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-

• 
  19. Why the US won the Cold War-
  20. Korean Conflict--

North

• Kim II Sung was leader
• 1946 turned to comminusm
• called the N Korean Communist Party

South

• Syngman Rhee returned
• Set up rivals government
• Called the republic of Korea

Unification

• Each government wanted to reunify KOrea under its own rule
• Election of 1948
• The north were scared they would loose so the election didnt happen

War

• Korean war starts june 25 1950
• Proxy war

21. Vietnam Conflict

• Nov. 1st 1955- April 30th