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- Goes through Egypt
- 4150 miles long
- Floods from July to November
- Brought new soil
- Surrounding seas protected them from war and disease
- River was used for transportation, north and south
- Valley contains granite, sandstone, limestone
- Farming
- Animals were largely used as beasts of burden
- Barley leeks garlic wheat lentils turnips plums melons figs flax onions beans lettuce radishes grapes and cabbages
- Wheat into bread
- Barely into beer
- Flax and linen into cloth
- Used other river provided goods for paper
- Polytheistic
- Caste system
- 1. King
- 2. Ruling class
- 3. Craftsman
- 4. Marginalized groups
- 5. Slaves
- Nile was necessary for life in the early Nile fiver valley
- Ancient
- Mesopotamia
- Babylon
- Most fertile and rich parts of ancient world
- Jews were held there
- Means gate of gods
- Located in the land of shinar
- Powerful state
- In the near east
- Between tigress and Euphrates
- Long narrow country
- Death penalty for theft murder adultery kidnaping rape and the receiving stolen goods form a temple or palace
- Mirage was legal only when it was written down
- Babylon
- Nile
- The first dynasty
- From 3100 B.C to 2890 B.C.
- Founded in lower kingdom
- Capitol was Memphis
- Pharaoh Narmer reunited the two kingdoms
- No definite contrast between first and second dynasty so many historians combine the first two
- Second dynasty
- 2890 to2585 B.C.
- During the early dynastic period of Egypt
- Capital was Thinis
- Last pharaoh was Khasekhemwy
- Married Nemathap, ended second dynasty
- Marriage strengthened the unity of the upper and lower dynasty
- Son Djoser was the first pharaoh of the third dynasty
- Third dynasty started the New Kingdom Period in Egypt
- you could be put to death for killing a cat
- cats were thought to be manifestations of the goddess Bast
- The first dynasty
- Indus
- Arose 2500 B.C.
- Have been 1056 settlements found
- Called Harappan culture
- Unknown founders
- Irrigation systems
- First known sanitation system
- Strong and stable government
- Written language is as of yet deciphered
- Yellow river
- Shang Dynasty
- 1600 B.C. to 1046B.C
- First family of Chinese rulers that left written records
- Built palaces and tombs
- Ruled yellow river Valley defeating the Xia Dynasty
- Capital was anyang
- Language was old Chinese
- Chinese fold religion
- Were a monarchy
- Civilization was based on ag. Lots of hunting and animal care
- They fought a lot of wars with nomadic people and neighboring settelments
- Court rituals were buried alive with royal corps
- Shang tang was the last leader
- Killed himself after his army lost
- Shang Dynasty
8-25 daily blog
- Indus valley civilization
- Geography
- Indus means father of rivers
- Located in south asia
- Tibet, north of the Himalayas
- Deserts and mountains protected them naturally
- 1000 miles east of Africa
- Geography
- Culture
- Religion is uncertain
- People were born into social classes
- Classes didn’t ever change
- Women were valued
- Kids took parents jobs
- Highly organized agriculture
- Animals as food source
- Children gambled, and played with towys
- First, biggest city was Harappa
- Three classes,
- Religious elite
- Trading
- Poor workers
- Largest site is in the ganweriwala river
- Mohenjo daro
- Divided into 2 portions
- Citadel was in lower city
- Called public baths
- First, biggest city was Harappa
- Yellow river valley
- Civilization
- Anyang mainly built of walled
- Rich people live in timber framed houses
- Poor people lived in huts outside the city
- Shang people needed walled cities because they were constantly waging war
- Geography
- Yellow river because it deposits yellow silt called loess which is blown from the west and northern deserts
- Floods are disastrous
- Sometimes called China’s sorrow
- Geographic isolation met no trade with outsiders
- 10% of land is viable farm land
- Most of the farm land is between the yellow river and chang jiang in eastern china
- Culture
- Called yellow river the mother river
- Inventions
- Gunpowder
- The compass
- Paper making
- Printing
- Poetry
- The yellow river civilization is the yuan dnasty glittering civilization
- Importance
- Drinking water
- A bunch of current figures, that have nothing to do with anything historical
- Civilization
Fall of the empires
- Mesopotamia
- Assyria
- Fell in 612
- Invaded by
- Babylonians
- Medes
- Scythians
- Sussianians
- King Sin Shar was killed in the siege
- Assyria
- Babylonia
- Fell in 539
- Persian empire, led by Cyrus the great
- Soon became part of the Persian empire
- Became known as Persian Babylonia
- Persia
- Fell to alexander the great
- To the Greek Seleucid empire
- After this there was a lot of conflict between the romans and Parthians for the region
- Nubian and Egyptians
- Egypt is where it is
- Nubia was south of there
- 1640 the Egyptians started making trade routes through Nubia
- The routes expanded and eventually Egypt took over Nubia
- Indus
- Not much is known
- May have been a huge climate change
- River may have flooded, or dried up
- Food shortages caused starvation and widespread disease
- China
- Xia
- King fell in love with an evil woman and became a tyrant
- People rebelled against the king
- Xia
- Shang
- King killed his own son and murdered his ministers
- Shang army lost to Zhou army
- The Zhou dynasty bean with the suicide of the Shang Zhou
Mesopotamia is commonly thought of as the first civilization. The truth is that mesopotamia is just the area where the first civilizations were. There were different civilizations, mostly broken up into city states.
uruk
- In about the year 5000 B.C.E. the city of Uruk was founded.
- Uruk had 50,000 - 80,000 people in its 6 km by 6 km walls, in 2900 B.C.E.
- That made it the largest city in the world at the time.
nipput
- Nippur was considered a sacred group.
- Nippur was formed around the year 5000 B.C.E.
- But hit its peak around 2500 B.C.E.
- It was a special place of the worship to the Sumerian god, Enlil, ruler of the cosmos.
ninevh
- Nineveh is one of the oldest cities.
- It was founded around the year 6000 B.C.E.
- By 3000 B.C.E they became very religious, worshiping the goddess Ishtar
- There was an earthquake that destroyed the first temple of Ishtar.
- Then it was later rebuilt in the year 2260 B.C.E.
- The 2 rivers of Mesopotamia are the Tigris and the Euphrates.
- The valley between the Tigris and the Euphrates River was known as the land "between the rivers" in Greek.
- There was never a regular supple of water in Mesopotamia but the soil was so enriched over the years by the layers of silt which is material deposited by the two rivers.
- It's in between the Tigris and Euphrates river in Iraq.
- Mesopotamia is mainly desert in the north and mainly marshes, lagoons, and mudflats in the south.
- The south gets a lot of rain. Mostly crops are grown there and the rivers irrigate the crops in the dry seasons.
- Mesopotamia is a 5,800 sq. mile area.
- The trade routes of how they would get there money and food are
Many of the objects traded were domesticated animals, wine, donkeys, gemstones, camels, pottery, and horses
A lot of the trading was done with the Persians and ancient India, But they also traded with Afghanistan and Egypt.
All of the trading was done between 4000 and 6000 BCE.
- They used cuneiform to write.
- They used a base 60 numeral system. This is where the 60 minute hour, 24 hour day, and the 360 degree circle.
- They used advanced mathematics
- invented the wheel.
- Only the sons of prominent people could go to school
- The world was a flat disk that was surrounded by a vast hollow space and that this was enclosed in an over-arching heaven.
- The sea was all around the earth,top bottom and sides.
- The universe had been born of these waters.
- They were a polytheistic society
- They were a patriarchal society.
- Hunting
- Wrestling
- Polo, but with men sitting on the shoulders of other men instead of horses
- Majore- a sport like rugby
Were a mon
- archy
- First code of laws
- They believed that their rulers were descendants of gods
- Broken up into a city-state system
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