5-1 presented by Navi an Hannah
- the culture of the plains indians
- west mississippi was unknown
- grassland
- tribes had been there for more than one hundred years
- spain brought horses an guns to indian tribes
- mid 1700's tribes were usig guns an horses to hunt on the plains
- tribes live with extended fgamily
- man hunted an women made things out of animals
- plains indians believed in spirits
- tried not to have leaders
- white settlers pushed native americans out
- 1858 gold an silver was found
- ten thousands of people went west
- mining camps-filthy
- irish,german,polish,chinese,african american
- december 1866 warriors crazy horse ambushed captain william j.fettermen
- 80 soldiers
- battle of the hundred slain;fettermen massacre
- 1887,dawes act-aiming to americanize native americans
- the act reservations
- 160 acres to every head of household
- 80 acres to any unmarried adult
- buffalo population went from 65 million in 1800, to fewer than 1 thousand ninety years later
- the buffalo are no endangered
the battle of wounded knee
- was the last major battle between the native americans
- december 28,1890
- 7th calvary rounded up 350 starving/freezing sioux
- took them to a camp at wounded knee
- buffalo were disappearing
- native americans were forced on to smaller reservations
- horse an cattle started to flourish on the plains
- american settlers never managed large herds on open range
- we learned from mexican neighbors how to round up, rope, brand, and care for animals
- texas longhorns
- spanish brought horses to use as work animals an transpotation
- english words corral an rodeo were borowed from the spanish
- cowboys were not in high demand in til railroads in the plains
- after civil war the demand for beef sky rocketed cause of growing cities
- chicago union stock yars opened in 1865
- by spring 1866, railroads were running regularly through sedalia,missouri
- from sedalia, texas could ship cattle
- the cow town found more convient route the next year
- some rachers started as young as 15 an were done by 40
- long drive was just a long 3 month journey typical drive had 1 cowboy per every 250-300 head of cattle, a cook that drove chuck wagon an wrangler
- trail boss earned $100 or more a month
- cow boy would be in a saddle all they slept on the ground bathed inthe rivers piled metals objects at the edge of camp nt 2 get electricuted
- james butler"wild Bill" hickok served as a spy during the civil war an was shot while playing poker
- martha jane burke was a sharp shooter
5-2 presented by Justice, Katy, Austin
Great Plains
railroad moving west 1862 congress passed the pacific railroad bill railroad which granted public land and funds to bulid a transcontenential railroad. twoo groups who were buiding the railroad started in diferent parts of the country one was the central pacific. while construction both companies raced to see who could lay the most tracksearch day. homestead act was signed by abraham lincoln in 1862. this bill gave rights to any cittizen to have 160 acres of land if they stayed there for five years it was their land for free.claimers of the act didnt need to have equipment or knw how to farm to get this land. Some things people did were cattlers fenced in open land. miners an wood cuters took natural resources. 10% of the land was actually settled by the families it was inttended for. all plots were not equal in size either people in iowa an minnisota 160 acres.
Dugouts ans soddies
the settlers built there homes into hills because there werent many trees. had advantages an disadvantages
advatage:it wa hot in the winter an cold in the summer. disadvantage evry timeit rained it would leak in the house. the women helped alongside the men plowing and planting. they also shaved the sheep so they could use the sheeps wool to make clothes. they did cooking cleaning an rasied the children. the agricutural education supported by the national government. it was because of that morril act of 1862 an 1890 allowed land to be given to states.
Closing the frontier
Henery D. washburn & Nathaniel P. Langford asked congress to prtect the wilderness from the settlement. 1870-washburn discovered nothern wyomings geysers and springs. 1879- the department of interior forced railroads to give up their western landholdings. landholdings were equal in the area of new york,new jersey,pennsylvania,delaware,maryland, an virgina. 1890- the census bureau claimed that the frontier didnt exist. the scared people because the nation was always aimed on expanding and they now had no where to expand to. It was hard for farmers to create their homesteads.
1837-john deere-steel plow
1841-grain drill
1847-cyrus mcomick-reaping machine
1830-it took 183 mins. to produce a whole bushel of grain. 1900-it took 10 mins. to make a whole bushel of grain. the machinery was expensive-farmers borrowed money to buy it. 1870's-railroad companies created bonanza farms enormus single crop farm
1885-1890- the plains experience droughts. 1900-farmers had about 150 acres of land,after the drought bonanza farms went bankrupt.
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