Today Mr.Bruns went over our next project about the Progressive Era.
Ch. 5.1: Taylor Schaben
How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?
-assimilation: a plan that was made to make Native Americans a part of white culture
-Dawes Act: Americanize Native Americans. gave Native Americans 160 acres of land
-Battle of Wounded Knee: 300 Sioux killed, 25 soldiers killed. Symbolizes the end of Native American wars
Describe a cowboy's life.
-used cattle as substitute for buffalo. learned ranching from Mexicans
-first cowboys were Mexicans
-Vaqueros influenced cowboys speech, clothes, and food
-Chisholm Trail: major cattle route
-worked 10-14 hours a day on the ranch. 14 hours on the trail
-started at age 15 stopped at 40
-open range ended from barbed wire
Ch. 5.2: Molly Brown and Jena Rasmussen
How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?
-railroads linked our country together and improved transportation
-Homestead Act: 160 acres was free to a citizen or family if they promised to farm
-land speculators took advantage of the act
-goal: help the common person
What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?
-droughts
-floods
-fires
-blizzards
-locust plagues
-raids by outlaws and Native Americans
What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
-new equipment was expensive
-farmers went bankrupt
-cost for shipping grain went up so western farmers were charged more
-railroads charged more for short hauls and claimed it was just business
-this brought farmers together
Ch. 6.1: Leah Eng and Chelsea Musfeldt
What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?
-discovery of oil
-wealth of natural resources
-government support for businesses
-growing urban population
-steel production
What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?
-electricity: made travel cheap and efficient, promoted spread of cities
-light bulb: allowed electricity to be used inside
-typewriter: reduce time and expense in creating documents, allow system of communications that shaped the business world
-telephone: no longer had to rely on mail
-new inventions created jobs for women
Ch. 5.3: Tabby Wyatt and Jenna McDaniel
What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?
-had trouble finding clean water
-had to buy a lot of stuff when they went to town to last them for a period of time
-farmers were loners
-railroads were charging them more for short hauls since there was no competition
Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?
-populists: movement of the farmers
-out to help farmers and common people
-Omaha Platforms: increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan program, 8 hour work day, restrictions on immigration
-wanted inflation so they could get more money for their crops
Ch. 6.2: Tanner Dirks and Ryan Hedglin
What impact did railroads have on the US?
-they could travel and ship things just about anywhere
-brought adventure and fresh start
-railroad workers were killed on the job
-employed thousands of chinese workers
Why were many people upset with the railroads?
-didnt treat chinese workers well
-told stock holders it was going to be expensive but it wasnt so they kept extra money
-railroads charged too much
What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?
-grangers were farmers who politicaly fought against the railroads
-passed laws to get rid of discrimination
-loading charges were brought down
-railroads fought back but lost 7-2 vote
-Granger Law: allowed states to start regulating railroad prices
-Interstate Commerce Act: help farmers against the railroad companies and control railroad rates
Ch. 6.3: Jake Daeges, Scott Schulte, and David Ratigan
Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.
-started steel mill and manufactured more than factories in Great Britain
-tried to control as much of the steel industry as possible by monopoly
-monopoly: business that tries to buy out all other similar businesses
Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.
-owned standard oil company: largest in the world
-was the richest person in the world
-made hundreds of millions of dollars
-called a robber because he drove a lot of people out of business
What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?
-theory set up by Charles Darwin
-strong survive, weak die out
-big businesses take over small businesses
Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).
-horizontal integration: one company is trying to buy out other companies
-vertical integration: having control over every aspect of transportation,and development of product
How did the government try to regulate business?
-Sherman Antitrust Act: made it illegal to form a trust so you couldnt trade with free states or other countries
-broke up Microsoft
What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
-labor union: when a group of laborers talked with reps from the company so they could get better hours, wages, and working conditions
Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.
-Japanese and Mexican workers had a successful strike in sugar-beet fields
-Haymarket Affair: most violent
-struggled to gain success in the beginning
-Mary Harris Jones
Ch. 7.1: Tyler Schaben and Josh Martin
Why did immigrants come to the US?
-for money and a better life
-gold rush and work on railroad
-escape harsh conditions and religious persecution
Where did immigrants come from?
-europe
-west indies
-asia
What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?
-crowded ships
-gross conditions
-had to get through Ellis Island
Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?
-the Chinese started taking jobs because they accepted lower wages
-Chinese Exclusion Act: banned Chinese entry except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
-Gentelmen's Agreement: Japan agreed to stop sending unskilled workers of we stopped segregating
Ch. 7.2: Kara Fries and Madison Forsyth
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
-industrial revolution
-increased number of jobs
-construction and transportation became more advanced
-people began moving from rural to urban areas
-farmers started moving to urban areas because of railroad and debt
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?
-overcrowding
-fires
-sanitary issues
-tenements: small houses immigrant families lived in
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
-settlement houses for poor people
-Jane Adams
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
-a building that runs the house of a political party
-help immigrants find jobs and a place to stay
-set up parks
-help poor people
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
-New York City's political boss
-corrupt political machine boss
-stole millions of dollars
-tweed ring was when everyone passed the blame to someone else
What caused all this corruption in government?
-rich people
-spoils system: bad people getting political jobs
What laws came about to reform government?
-Pendleton Civil Service Act: required people to take a test to prove they were able to work government jobs
-reform
Ch. 8.1:
What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Ch. 8.3:
What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
-it went to the supreme court
-it established that it was okay to segregate as long as it was equal
Ch. 8.4:
Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
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