We worked on our projectsIMPORTANT WORDS!!Immigration- people from one country moving to another country.Emigration- people from a country moving within that country.Nativism-overt favoritism toward native-born Americans.Section 7-1-most immigrants entered the US in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.-“birds of passage” are immigrants that temporarily immigrate to the US to earn money, and then (when they earned enough money) they would return to their homeland.EUROPEANS-between 1870 and 1920, about 20 million Europeans immigrated to the US, most of which came from western and northern Europe.-In 1907, almost a million people came from Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia.-between 1800 and 1900 the population of Europe doubled to almost 400 million.CHINESE AND JAPANESE-between 1851 and 1883 300,000 Chinese arrived in the US-Chinese helped build the railroads-In 1882 Chinese immigration was limited because of a Congressional act.THE WEST INDIES AND MEXICO-About 700,000 people came to the US from Mexico over the next 20 years.LIFE IN THE NEW LANDA DIFFICULT JOURNEY-In the 1870’s most all immigrants traveled by steamship.-some died before they reached their destination.-disease spread quickly.ELLIS ISLAND-they had to pass inspection at immigration stations.-One station was at Castle Garden, NY which was later moved to Ellis Island in New York harbor.-immigrants had to pass physical examination, those who passed then went to a government inspector (checked documents and questioned immigrants)-immigrants had to prove they had never been convicted of a felony, show they were able to work, and show that they had some money, at least $25-Ellis Island was the chief immigration station in the US, almost 17 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island.ANGEL ISLAND-European immigrants passed through Ellis Island, but Asians (mostly Chinese) passed through Angel Island in San Francisco-nearly 50,000 Chinese immigrants passed through Angel island-immigrants had to go through harsh questioning and long detention in filthy buildings while they waited.COOPERATION FOR SURVIVAL-immigrants had to find a place to live, a job, and had to get along in daily life-immigrants had to try to understand an unfamiliar language and culture.-most immigrants searched for people who shared the same cultural values, practiced the same religion, and spoke the same language.-people pooled together their money to build churches, they formed social clubs and aid societies, founded orphanages, old peoples homes, and cemeteries, they even published newspapers in their own language.-Native-born Americans often disliked immigrants’ unfamiliar customs and languages, and thought the immigrants were a threat to the American way of life.IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS-Most American natives thought of their country as a melting pot (a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs)THE RISE OF NATIVISM-Prescott F. Hall founded the Immigration Restriction League in 1894.-the Immigration Restriction League spoke well of there being a literacy requirement as to limitCh. 7.1:-Why did immigrants come to the US? - They were lured by the promise of a better life. Some wanted to escape famine, land shortages, religious/political persecution. A lot of Jewish people were driven out of Russia by pogroms (organized attacks often encouraged by local authorities.) Others left because of rising population, and many others wanted an independent life in America. Many came to retrieve their fortunes in gold in 1848 (Gold Rush), jobs were scarce (the industrial boom seemed to promise work for everyone)-Where did immigrants come from? - Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, China, Japan, Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Mexico.-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here? - when they traveled by steamship, they were rarely allowed on deck and crowded together unable to exercise or catch a breath of fresh air, they slept in lice-infested bunks, share toilets with many other people, disease spread quickly, some died before reaching America. Once they got to America-they felt a lot of anxiety because they didn’t know if they were going to be let into the new world because they had to pass through immigration stations. On Angel Island, they had to wait in filthy buildings and go through harsh questioning, they had to find a place to live, get a job, get along in daily life even though they couldn’t understand the people because they spoke a different language and had a different culture.-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration?-- What were those restrictions?-Sources!!!The book!http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/restrictionleague.html
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