Changes in Education
views on education
- viewed public schools as training grounds for employment and citizenship
- believed economic development depended
- viewed education as a key to greater security and social status
Early public education
- Most states had established public schools by the civil war
- despit this, most school-age children did not receive formal schooling
- majority of those who did attend dropped out in 4 years
Expanding public education
1865-1895
- Lasws passed requiring student to attend between 12-16 weeks of school per year
- curriculum included readins, writing, and math
Schools for Young Children
- Kindergartens were first created to offer childcare for employed mothers
- numbers jumped from 200 to 3000
Growth of High schools
- By early 1900, more that half a million studentsa ttended high school
- In the new industrial age, the economy demanded technical and managment skills
- Curriculum expanded to include science, civics, and social studies
Racial Discrimination
- Educational opportunities were much more rare for African-American children
- in 1880, only 34% of colored children attended elementary school compared to 62% of white children
Education for Immigrants
- Immigrants to America were encouraged to attednt school
- Taught them english and ammerican patriotic verses
- americanized them
- Adult immigrants offten attended night school to learn english and help qualify for ameran citizeship
Higher education
- Only 2.3% of americans attended colleges or universities
- Between 1880 and 1920 that numver quadrupled
- colleges changed their curriculum and admission policies
- industrial development changed the education needs
Importance
- Reforms in public education led to a rise in national leteracy and the promotion of public education
- the public education is the foundation of the democratic ideals pf american society
segregation and Discrimantion
Reconsturction Era
- For a short period of time during and after reconsturction, African americans emjoyed political and social rights
Voting restrictions
- all southern states passed laws limiting african americans legal equality
- only people who could read coud vote
- blacks were oftend given harder questions or given the test in a foreign language
Jim Crow laws
- during the 1870s and 1880s southern states passed racial segregation laws
- separated whites and blacks in all ;ublic and privat facilities
Plessy v. Ferguson
- Homer Plessy took a seat in a whites only train car and refused to move
- He was arrested
- U.S supreme court ruled on May 18,1896
- They declared that separation of races in public places was legal and didn not violate the fourteen amendment
- legalized segregation for almost 60 years
- Established the doctrine "separate but equal"
Racial Etiquette
- African Americans were also subject to informal rules and customs
- Usually humilliatd and belittled black
- Lynchings occured for no particular reasno than to get rid of blacks who were becoming successful
Discrimination in the North
- Racism was across the entire nation
- Blacks and chinese wer sent to separated neighborhoods
- Hired as last resort
Discrimination in the west
- there were many backgrounds living in the west
- mostly mexican were hired to build the reailroads because they were used to the hot dry conditions
Excluding the Chinese
- 1880-More than 100,000 Chinese immigrants lived in America
- White peole feared to much competition for jobs
- Forced the Chinese into segregated schools nd neighborhood
Importance
- Jim Crow laws and racial discrimination led to the fight for equality for peole of all backgrounds in america
Enterainment of the lat 1800s and 1900s
- Barnum and Baileys Circus
- In 1891 Barnum died
- 1825 Joshuah Purdy Brown invented the canvas circus tent
- 1882 Barnum Bought Jumbo
- Sports
- Baseball:
- 1845 Alexander Cartwright wrote the first set of rules for baseball
- Baseball:
- First movie
- First machine was called Zoopraxiscope or the wheel of life
- Louis Lumiere invented the first motion picture camera
- The horse in motion was the first movie projected
- Amusement Parks
- Started in Medieval Europe
- Live entertainment, fireworks, dancing, games and some rides
- Came to us in 1800s
- over 1500 amusemtn parks were opend by 1919 in the US
- Disney land was created in 1955
- Copied by Six Flags over Texas
- Use to be a whole bunch of halls
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