continued presentations
religion and mythology
religion is the broader term; besiedes bythological aspects, it includes aspects of ritual, mortality, theology, and mystical experience. a given mythology is almost always associated with a certain religion, such as a greek mythology with ancietn greek religion. Disconnected from its religious system, a myth may lose its emmediate relevacne to the community and evolve - away from sacred impotratn into a legend or folktale
delien league
the league was sontroled by sparta and athens, athens was recongnized as a metropolis (mother city), they placed athens at the head becasue of it s strong army, in 444 bc the league became an empire ruled mostly by athens.
whta the delian league did
the league was land based and water based could fight both, the league took over other cities and forced them to join the league and have democratic government, purpose was to continue fight the persian empire after Greek bitory in the battle of plataea, the league overcame Naxos and moved on to take over Asia minor,
Athenians tactics
avoided engagement with spartan infantry, the purpose was to maintain pressure on the enemy to eventually over run it haveing only few casualties, the Athens were predicted to prevail over Sparta due to superior amounts of resources, money, and men.
purposes and goals of the league
1. to liberate the ionian Greeks from Persian rule 2 the safeguard the islands in the Aegean form further persina aggression, within time, the league controlled virtually all the Greeks in the islands and coastal regions of the Aegean. the league slowly turned into an Athenian empire.
key players
percicles - delian war, promoted the arts and literature (Athens hold reputation of being educational and cultural, turned the delian league into an Athenian empire, responsible for rebuilding the Athens.
Persian war
Darius I - king of the Persian empire during first Persian war. Themistocles - Athenian admiral at battle fo salamis. Xerxes - king of Persian empire during second Persian war. Miltiades - Athenian general at battle of marathon.
Peloponnesian war
Cleon - first representative of the commercial class politics. Nicias - member of Athenian aristocracy, became the rival of Cleon, aim was to conclude a peace with Sparta. Alcibiades - prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general, played a major role in the second-half of the conflict
weapons of Persian war
Hoplon - Greek weapon made by wood covered by bronze. inside is leather. Knimis - flexible metal and lined with felt, leather or cloth. wore around the legs.
Peloponnisian war weapons
short swards (spears), helmets, shields.
Who participated in the army
all physically fit men citizens 18-60 years
Different kinds of soldiers
peltast - were a lighter infantryman, with out armor exepct for a helmet, armed with the long spear plus 7 smaller spheres, for throwing, carried a longer, oval shaped shield, or smaetimes a crescents shaped shield, fought in a more open order, their job in battle being to protect the flanks and rear of hoplite formations, althought sometimes citizens of the the state fought, many peltasts were mercenaries in ancient greece.
Hoplite - a heavy infantryman, wore armor, a breastplate, helmet, and greaves, he was armed with a long spear, used for thrusting, and a large round shield called a hoplon, fohg tin close order, should to shoulder, usually citizens of the state for which they fought
psiloi - were the missile troops, completely unarmored, could be armed with a bow, a sling, or a small spear, rarely carried shields, their jobs on the battle field was to take on the enemy a head of the main group, were citizens too poor to afford the equipment of a hoplite.
Cavalry - some armies also had small numbers of cavalry, these could be light cavalry, unarmored men in open order armed only with small spheres, other cavalry fought in a closer formation, wore leather or metal armor, and were armed with a sphere and sometimes a shield
famous battles
persian war - land and sea battle, the battle of marathon took place in the first Persian invasion of greece, and was fought between Athens and Plataes, was significant in showing the worl that the Persians could be defeated, created marathon running
battle of salamis - was fought between the greek city - states and their enemy Persia took pace in the strait between piraeus and slamis island near athens, the defeat at salamis shifted the war in Greece's favor, battle of salamis was the most important battle in human history.
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