Notes:
Punic Wars: Series of 3 wars, Rome vs. Carthage. 1st war was over control of Sicily. 2nd war: when Hannibal became general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge first defeat Hannibal attempted a sneak attack through the Alps to attack and capture Rome. 3rd war: Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at a native city. Carthage was overrun and a majority of the population was sold to slavery and the rest were killed.
Punic Wars continued: Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 of the wars. Each war was harder for the Romans to win though. Wars 1-2: Rome was on the defensive. They were the aggressor in the 3rd war.
Key Players: Hannibal (C), Scipio (R), and Cincinnatus (R)
Lasting Effects: Showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force. By 70 BC, Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast.
Roman Republic: Shortly after their victories in the Punic Wars, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire. The land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs. This was one of the reasons that lead to a civil war.
Julius Caesar: Debate information. Another civil war broke out because of Caesar's death.
Avengers of Caesar: Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus avenged Caesar against the conspirators that killed him and became the 2nd triumbirate. Even jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power. Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt, leaving Octavian to be the sole leader of Rome.
Augustus: The term that was given to Octavian that meant "exalted one". Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus' rule and even to 180 AD. Pax Romana = Roman Peace
Research Topic: Slavery in Rome
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