Rome
- was built in 7 rolling hills around the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian Peninsula.
- it is the midway point between the Alps and Italys southern tip.
First Romans
- from 1000 to 500 bc three groups inhabited the region and fought for control of it
- they were Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans.
- the latins built the original settlement at Rome. It was a cluster of wooden huts.
Greek influence
- Between 750 bc and 600 bc the Greeks established colonies along the southern part of italy and Sicily
- the cities became very prosperous and commercially active
Etruscans
- they were native to northern Italy
- they were skilled metal workers and engineers
- they were very influential in the development of Roman civilization.
- Romans adopted there alphabet
- they also addopted some of there architecture, espacialy the arch.
Republic
- Republic- is a form of gov in which the power rests with citixens who have the tight to vote for their leaders.
- in rome, citizens with voting rghts was granted only to free-born adult male landowners.
Patricians and Plebeians
- in the early republic, different groups of romans struggled for power.
- Patricians- the wealthy landowners who held most of the power
- Plebeians- the common persons, but could still vote. usually farmers and merchants.
- the partricians inherited their power and social status, and clamed that they had the right to rule due to their ancestory
- Tribunes- the rights from the partrician officials.
Legislative
- senate
- high social and economic status
- serve for life
- advises consuls
Centerate assembly
- soldiers only
- chose counculs
- serve for life
tribal assembly
- ordinary citizens
- serve for life
Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year by the centurite assembly
- two oversee civil and criminal courts(the others govrn provinces)
Legal code
- Twelve Tables
- this was a list of rules that was the supreme law of the land in rome.
- in america, this is equal to the constitution
army
- Along with their gov, the romans also took great pride in their military as well
- all men who owned land were requierd to serve in the army.
- some of the high public office positions requiered 10 years of millitary service.
Legions
- large millitary units
- legions were made up of 5000 foot soldiers.
- a group of cavalry would support each legion
- the millitary organization and fighting skill of the roman army were key factors Romes rise to greatness.
Expansion
- by 4th century BC the Romans dominated centeral Italy.
- they had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city-states to the south.
Treatment
- Latins on the Tiber became full citizens.
- in territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but didnt have voting power
- the remaining people became allies of rome
Reaserch
Punic Wars- were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.
key players-
| King Pyrrhus |  |
| Hamilcar Barca | |
| Hannibal | |
| Scipio Africanus the Elder | |
| Scipio Africanus the Younger | |
| Livy | |
| Cincinnatus | |
| Cicero | |
| Cato | |
| Sulla | |
| Tiberius Gracchus | |
| Marius | |
| Octavian | |
| Mark Antony | |
| Lucretius | |
| Sallust |
who won- Rome victories over carthage.
what happend because of it- Rome conquered carthage, they gained the most land the empire has had
Hannibal- Hannibal surprised the Romans in 218 BC by leading the Iberians and three dozen elephants through the Alps.
key players- Hannibal was the leader, Cincinnatus, Scipio
who won- Hannibal crushed them
what happend because of it- Hannibal became General married a Spanish princess, and started wars with several cities in Spain. His plan was to conquer all of Spain. showed th civilizations in the mediteranian that Rome was a dominant force.
-by 70 bc rome had conqured alot of land around the mediteranian.
Roman Republic
- shortly after their victories in the Punic Wars, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire.
- the land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs.
- one of the reasons leading to the cival war.
Julius Caesar
- another cival war broke out because of Caesars death.
Avengers of Caesar
- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- Even jealousy here, Octavion forced lepidus to retire his power
- Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra.
Augustus
- The term given to Octavion meaning "exalted one"
- Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus's rule and even to 180 A.D
- Pax Romana- "Roman Peace"
Gladiator Games
Thumbs up means save the gladiator that’s down and thumbs down means let him die.
Order of Events at the Gladiator games
Animal hunts- They had a scene and the Emperor would use a bow from his box seat and shoot them.
The Bestiarii-These were gladiators trained to fight tigers and lions.
Criminals were sentenced to fight wild beasts at the games but without any skills, weapons or armor
Meridiani - lightly armed gladiators fought in the middle of the day, after the wild animal fights .
The Andabatae were the hapless criminals who provided comic relief to the audience
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