Punic Wars-3 wars, Rome vs. Carthage-1st war was for control over Sicily-2nd war Hannibal became general of Carthage, attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome-3rd war Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city-Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 wars-- in the first two they were on defense, last one was offensive-Key players: Hannibal (C), Scipio (R), Cincinnatus (R)-showed the civilizations of the Mediterranean that the Romans were a dominating force-by 70 BC, lots of land was conquered by Rome-quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire-land was going to large estate, farmers weren't making any money and out of jobs-a reason why there was a civil war-a second civil war broke out after Caesar's death-Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus avenged Caesar-Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power-Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt-This left Octavian as the sole leader-Augustus: term given to Octavian meaning "exalted one"-Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus's Rule-Pax Romana: Roman peace
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