Punic Wars
- Series of 3 wars
- Rome vs Carthage
- 1st war was over control of Sicily
- 2nd war was then Hannibal became general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge first defeat. Hannibal attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome
- 3rd war-Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city
- Rome defeated Carthage in al l3 of the wars. Each war was harder for the Romans to win though
- War 1-2, Rome was on the defensive. Aggressor in the last war
- Key player- Hannibal (C) Scipio (R) and Cincinnatus (R)
- Lasting effects were that it showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force
- By 70 B.C., Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast
Roman Republic
- Shortly after their victories in the Punic Wars, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire.
- The land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs
- One of the reasons leading to a civil war
Julius Caesar
- A civil war broke out because of Caesar's death
- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- Even jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power
- Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt
- Leaving Octavian to be the sole leader
- Augustus
- The term given to Octavian meaning "exalted one"
- Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus's Rule and even to 180 AD
- Pax Romana- "Roman Peace"
- Augustus
The gladiator games were games fought between an armed man and a criminal, wild animal, or another soldier. They were fought in the Coliseum in front of large audiences. Many of the people who fought the criminals, and wild animals risked their social standing and their lives for the glory. They had costumes and scenery which had to be put up as well.
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