Punic War
- Series of 3 wars
- Rome vs Carthage
- 1st war was over control of Sicily
- 2nd war- when Hannibal became general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge first defeat Hannibal attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome
- 3rd war- Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city
- Hannibal was a general during 2nd war....incorporated elephant war fare
P.W.
- Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 of the wars. Each war was harder for the Romans to win though
- War 1 -2, Rome was on the defensive Aggressor in the last war
- Key players-Hannibal(C) Scipio(R) Cincinnatus(R)
Lasting effects
- Showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force
- by 70 BC Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast
Roman Republic
- Shortly after their victories in the Punic Wars, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire
- The land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs
- One of the reasons leading to a civil war
Julius Caesar
- Debate information
- Another civil war broke out because of Caesar's death
Avengers of Caesar
- Octavian, Mark Anthony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- Even jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power....Octavian & Mark Anthony became rivals until Mark Anthony left
- Mark Anthony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt
- Leaving Octavian to be the sole leader
Augustus
The term given to Octavian meaning "exalted one"
Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus's Rule and even to 180 AD
Pax Romana- "Roman Peace"
Research
- Hannibal crossing the Alps?
- Agricultural
- Trade
- Gladiator Games
- Slavery
- Emperors after Augustus
Slavery
General information
- Ancient Rome depended on slaves
- Most slaves were foreigners and unlike most places it did not depend on race
- Slaves worked everywhere
- Slaves were captured soldiers, children of slave parents
- Not uncommon for desperate Romans to sell their children into slavery
- When freed, they could work the same jobs as the Plebeians.
- People thought that slaves were OK to have.
- Debt slavery was common, where a person could work off a debt by becoming a slave for a certain period of time, depending on the debt
- Some slave were forced to become gladiators
- Saturnalia- a Christmas for the slaves in which the slaves and masters switched places
- During this celebration the master preformed all the task a slave would
- It was a way that masters would show appreciation and respect for slaves
Jobs
- Manual labor
- Domestic services
- Could be highly educated and skilled, worked as teachers and physicians
- Slaves task include working on farms-produced the food and materials the cities depended on
- Businesses-managed shops for store owners, in charge of shopkeeping, lending of money and selling of merchandise
- Public buildings- worked on aqueduck systems, built roads and bridges and arenas
Treatment
- Testimonies in court would only be accepted if the slave was tortured so the master could not persuade the slave to give a false testimony
- Depending on the master, the slave was treated accordingly
- Some slaves were treated like sons and daughters by their masters
- Some favored slaves had many privileges and comforts
- They were whipped, branded, and mistreated.
- Owners could kill slaves for no reason without punishment.
- Some slaves were treated better and could earn their freedom easier than others, for example a Greek slave working in a rich man’s house was treated with respect and was spared manual labor
- Slaves could not own land but some had the right to earn money to eventually buy their freedom
- Eventually a law was made where a slave could file a complaint against their master
- Crucifixion was the ultimate punishment for slaves, traitors, and bandits.
Comments