Punic Wars- series of 3 wars, Rome vs. carthage, 1st war was over control of Sicily, 2nd war Hannibal became general of Carthage wanted to avenge first defeat attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome, 3rd war Scipio attacked Carthage Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city.
Rome defeated carthage in all 3 of the wars, each was harder for the romans to win, wars 1 and 2 Rome was on the defensive, aggressor in the last war, key players Hannibal(carthage), Scipio(Rome), Cincinnatus(Rome)
Lasting effects- showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force, by 70 BC Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast
Roman Republic- after their victories in the Punic Wars, quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire, land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs, one of the reasons leading to a civil war
Julius Caesar-(look at debate info) another civil war broke out because of Caesar’s death. Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate(group of 3 people), jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power, Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt, leaving Octavian to be the sole leader
Augustus- term given to Octavian meaning “exalted one”, Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus’s rule and even to 180 AD, Pax Romana- “Roman Peace”
Part 2-
Research: emporers after Augustus
Augustus - 41 years and 8 months
Tiberius - adopted son of Augustus - 22 years and 6 months - possibly assassinated by Caligula. He was a cruel tyrant who put men to death upon mere suspicion.
Caligula - great nephew of Tiberius - 3 years and 10 months - assassinated in conspiracy involving senators and Praetorinan guards.
He was half-mad, and once threatened to have his horse made consul, and at another time raised a great army, and marched it hundreds of miles, and then commanded the soldiers to gather the shells upon the sea-beach and carry them back to Rome.
Claudius I - nephew of Tiberius and uncle of Caligula - 13 years and 9 months - probably poisoned by his wife Agrippinna
He was a weak and foolish emperor who allowed the cruelest acts to be committed in his name, and then forgot them, and invited the persons to dinner whom he had just had put to death.
Nero - 13 years and 8 months - stepson and adopted son of Claudius
He was a monster of vanity and cruelty; he was suspected of setting fire to the city and allowing more than two-thirds of it to burn up, in order that he might rebuild it finer than it had been before.
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