Ch 7.1- The Immigrants
- Came in the late 19th to the early 20th centuries.
- wanted to escape from difficult condition.
- Between 1870 and 1920 about 20 million Europeans arrived in the U.S.
- In 1907, 1 million people arrived from Italy,Austria-Hungry, and Russia.
- Between 1851 and 1883, 300,000 Chinese arrived.
- Most wanted to seek fortune after the discovery of gold from gold rush.
- 1184 Japanese government allowed Hawaiians to recruit workers.
- Mexicans also immigrated to find work.
- At 1910 about 7% of the population of Mexico at the time came over to the U.S. over the next 20 years.
- Some even died before they reached land.
- 1892 to 1924 Eilis Island was the major immigration center.
- Angel Island is on the East coast Asians and Chinese Between 1910 and 1940.
- The Natives worried the Chinese would work for lower wages.
Ch 7.2- The Change Of Urbanization.
- The technological boom in the 19th century contributed to the growth of cities mostly in the regions to the Midwest and the Northwest.
- The farming industry did not need that many labors because of the invention of the reaper and steel plow.
- When the industrial age began housing became a problem.
- Then to improve housing they made a new type of house.
- When the problems in the cities got worse people wanted to help.
- By the year 1910 there were over 400 settlement houses through the country.
Ch 7.3-
- Late 19th century cities experienced rapid growth under inefficient government. Social Darwinism.
- Grained control of local government in some of the major cities.
- Fraud- some political machines cheated and cast as many votes as they could for themselves.
- Graft- use of political power for personal gain.
- Kick Backs- illegal payments for services.
- William M. Tweed was born in 1869-1871.
- Big business hoped that the candidates they supported would raise the tarnif to protect them from foreign business.
- since the 19th century President have complained about patronage.
- This was also called the spoils system in the Andrew Jackson Administration.
- Civil service reform made progress during the President of Hayes, Garfield, and Arthur.
- In 1883 he signed the Pendleton Act, which created modern civil service.
- The Civil Service Act was passed in1883.
Ch 8.1- Science And Urban Life
- Cities in every industrial area of the country expanded up ward and outward.
- In 1870, only 25 American cities had populations of 50,000 or more.
- The invention of elevators, and the development of the internal steel skeleton.
- Other than the new railroad being built.
- By 1890 the literacy rate had risen to about 90%.
- Photographers also had to carry their darkrooms with them.
Ch 8.2- Education
- Some kids went to school but many still did not.
- Between 1865-1895 states passed the law that you must have 12 to 16 week of schooling or kids ages 8 to 14.
- In 1880 about 62% of white children attended Elementary School.
- Only 34% of African -American children attended Elementary School.
- In the early 1900s more than half a million of students attended High School.
- An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production.
- In 1890 fewer than 1% of African-Americans went to High School.
- 2/3 of this one percent attended private school.
- Almost 10 million immigrants who settled in the United States between 1860-1890.
- The reason for the families came to the United States is so their kids could get free education.
- The number of students attending high school had increased by the turn of the century and only a minority of Americans had high school diplomas.
- Between 1880 and 1920.
- Private colleges and universities required entrance exams.
- After the Civil War, thousands of freed African-Americans pursed.
- Washington graduated from Virgina's Hampton Institute.
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