Punic Wars- Series of 3 wars. Rome vs Carthage. 1st war was over control of Sicily. 2nd war-when Hannibal became general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge first defeat. Hannibal attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome. 3rd war- Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city.
P.W. – Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 of the wars. Each war was harder for the Romans to win though. War 1-2, Rome was on the defensive. Aggressor in the last war. Key players –Hannibal(C) Scipio (R) Cincinnatus (R)
Lasting effects- Showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force. By 70 B.C., Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast.
Roman Republic- Shortly after their victories in the Punic wars, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire. The land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs. One of the reasons leading to a civil war.
Julius Caesar- Debate information. Another civil war broke out because of Caesar death.
Avengers of Caesar : Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate. Even jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power. Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt. Leaving Octavian to be the sole leader.
Augustus: The term given to Octavian meaning “exalted one.” Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus’ Rule and even to 180 A.D. Pax Romana-“Roman Peace”
Research: Trade
Trade imports and exports in Rome around 100 B.C.
- Wine lentils and olives grapes for wine
- Imports exceeded exports by far (with the exception of bronze goods which were exported all over the empire).
- Iron the the Celtics
- Silver and wool and lead and tin from britian
- Spices and Clothing Dyes from southern part of Rome
- Cotton from Egypt
- Exotic and wild animals from Africa
- They relied on wheat from Sicily, Sardinia, North Africa, and Egypt.
- criss crossed with trade routes
- Rome imported most of its manufactured goods
- olive oil
- Silk from china
- Main trades with Spain, France, Middle East North Africa
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