Punic Wars
-Series of 3 wars
-Rome vs Carthage
-1st war was over control of Sicily
-2nd war: when Hannibal became general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge 1st defeat. Hannibal attempted a sneak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome.
-3rd war: Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native city.
-Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 of the wars. Each war was harder for the Romans to win though.
-Wars 1 and 2, Rome was on the defensive. Aggressor in the last war.
-Key players: Hannibal (C), Scipio (R), and Cincinnatus (R).
Lasting Effects
-Showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant force.
-By 70 BC, Rome had conquered a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast.
Roman Republic
-Shortly after their victories in the Punic War, the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire.
-The land was going to large estate and the small farmers were not making any money and were out of jobs.
-One of the reasons leading to a civil war.
Julius Caesar
-Debate information
-Another civil war broke out because of Caesar's death.
Avengers of Caesar
-Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate.
-Even jealousy here, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire his power.
-Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt.
-Leaving Octavian to be the sole leader.
Augustus
-The term given to Octavian meaning "exalted one"
-Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace throughout Augustus's Rule and even to 180 A.D.
Pax Romana- "Roman Peace"
Research
Roman Trade
- Very vital to the Roman empire
- Most common trade items: beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, marble, olive oil, perfumes, purple dye, silk, silver, spices, timber, tin and wine.
- Main trading partners: Spain, France, the Middle East, and North Africa
- Made trade very simple by only using 1 form of currency
- They used the tiber river, Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea for a trading route.
- Manufacturing of goods increased in the empire’s cities, and many opportunities for commerce existed. Rome became one of the empire’s greatest commercial centers.
- Two-way trade routes extended to other commercial centers in lands as far away as Egypt, Germany, and China.
- The empire’s location around the Mediterranean Sea helped make all this commercial activity possible.
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