Roman Republic
Executive Branch-2 consuls vs. 1 president
1 yr vs 4 yrs
Legislative Branch
- Senate
- High social and economic status
- serve for life
- advises consuls
- Centuriate Assembly
- soldiers only
- chose consuls
- serve for life
- Tribal Assembly
- Ordinary citizens
- serve for life
- make laws
Judicial Branch
- 8 judges
- 1 yr by Centuriate Assembly
- 2 oversee civil and criminal courts (others govern provinces)
Legal Code
- 12 Tables - a list of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome, equal to the U.S. Constitution
Army
- along with their governmetn, the Romans also took great pride in theri military as well
- all men who owned land were required to serve in the army
- some high public offices required 10 yrs of military service
- Legions
- Roman soldiers were organized into legions
- made up of 5,000 foot soldiers
- a group of cavalry would support each legion
- military organization and fighting skill were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness
Expansion
- by the 4th century b.c., the Romans dominated central Italy
- they had defeated the Etruscans to the North and the Greek city-states to the south
- Latins of the Tiber became full citizens when they were conquered
- In territory farather from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well, but didn't have voting power
- the remaining people became "allies" of Rome
Punic Wars-fought between Rome and Carthage(which was from North Africa to Spain) from 264 b.c.- 146 b.c.
- Key players-Hannibal-Carthaginian general Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus-Roman general Second Punic War, Scipio the Younger-Roman general Third Punic War
- Rome won
- Hannibal-Carthaginian general, led his massive army from Spain to Central Italy having to march 1000 miles and across the Alps. He won many battles against Rome, but he was eventually had to retreat back to Carthage.
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