PresentationsCh. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.hunted, gathered, planted, traded, they had different beliefs and languages, brought guns and horses, buffalo main animal, used every part, stayed together in tribe, had medicine women and men,-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?because we wanted to expand into a bigger nation, pushed indians out of their land, gold and silver, railroads, adventure, cattle ranching, farming,-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?set aside pieces of land for them, made laws, assimililation- is a plan to get native americans to give up their beliefs, Dawes act--Describe a cowboy's life.cowboys learned how to take care of animals from mexicans, on the road often lots of obstacles, there was a cow town made by Joseph McCoy for cattle, non stop work 10-14 hours a day 14 or more on a trail expert riders and ropers, used gun to protect animals, begin with spring roundup, herd pinned til hungry rather eat then runaway brand cattle, i cowboy for every 300 herd of cattle with a wrangler and a cook, slept on ground bathed in river, high risk of death, open range- open land where cattle could run except for cowboysCh. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?made faster travel for people, 160 acres of land were offered to citezens heads of the house, farmers less than a day 2 million acres were owned,-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?droughts, fires, floods, blizzards, plagues, raids by outlaws and indians, built out of sod bricks and dug homes into hills, no doctors,-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?tough sod, steel plow, debt, shipping costs,Ch. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Gr eat Plains?farmers struggled made too much, railroads went through farm land, economic struggles, less than what they needed to get back, greenbacks-people printed money cause they needed it wanted more money value goes down prices went up, one railroad-Who were the Populists and what did they believe in?group of farmers and other western people. Democratic party, proposed econmic reform, higher prices for goods and services, graduated income tax, federal loan program,Governmental reform, election of the us senators by popular vote, single terms for presidents and vice presidents checks and balances benefit from one year terms, secret ballot, party elected 5 senators, 3 goveners, 1500 state legislators,Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?Oil and the production of steel.-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Light bulb, plow, typewriter. They improved people's lives by making work easier.Ch. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?Increased trade. booming of towns. lower unemployment, fast travel, safer than wagons, comfort.-Why were many people upset with the railroads?The cost, taking up space, many derailments, time zones.-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?They confronted the railroads about how expensive it was to use them. The government began to supervise the railroads: Interstates Commerce Act.Ch. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.Came to the US with his parents from Scottland. Worked at the Pennsylvania Railroad. Started the Carnegie Steel Company. Most powerful steel company in 1809. New machinery and techniques, accounting, offer stocks, liked competition. Created Carnegie Hall for the arts. Hated rich people and before he died he gave most his money. Refer to page 242. Horizontal intergration- big company buys out small company. Veritcal intergration-oil companies would buy out railroads, stores.-Tell me about John D. RockefellerOwned the Standard oil company. Created a monopoly-when one company has complete control over the production of a product and they can control the market of that product. Low wages, low price, no more competitors. They were called Robber Barons-powerful business man or banker.-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?Social Darwinism-success and failure in business were governed by natural laws and no one has the right to intervene. It is natural for big businesses to take over small businesses.-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).Horizontal intergration-big company buys out small company. Verital intergration-oil companies would buy out railroads,stores. Trust-an agreement between a company, a monopoly trying to take over.-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Antitrust Act-governments attempt to stop monoplies,wasn't clear,was easy to find loopholes.-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Were created for keeping workers from being over worked and under paid. Were workers in the factories to make a higher wage. Workers were not allowed to leave because of sickness, vacation, injury. Injuries were common because of poor ventilation.-Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.Yes they were in forming the American Federation of Labor, higher wages and no many strikes everybody against them then time went on and they started seeing results so they banded together, many benefits came over time other times there are negative thingsCh. 7.1:-Why did immigrants come to the US?higher wages, jobs,California Gold Rush, find jobs,freedom & gold,-Where did immigrants come from?english, irish, germans, italians, japanese, chinese, polish, russians, Mexico,West Indies, Austria-Hurngary.-What problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?Anti-immigraion groups, finding jobs,-Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?people taking jobs for less wanted to get rid of themThey were taking all the jobs. Chinese Exclusion Act. Segregation.Ch. 7.2-Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Cheaper, more convenient, and provided better opportunities. McCorick reaper & steel plow, made farming quicker so the didn't need as many farmers. Called for more unskilled steady job. Settlement house-place where poor people could stay.-What problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?Transportation- created mass transit-public tansportation, street cars in 1873, electric subways in 1897,crime-increased because population increased, police were made in 1884, in New York Citysanitation- manure in streets, sewage in gutters, smoke from factoriesfire- Houses were wood and easily caught on fire, lack of water, 1874 sprinklers for buildings, firefighters.water-Didn't have safe drinking water, big cities built public waterways. cholera 1870-filteration.housing- 2 options- boarding house or buy a house. Tenements-multifamily urban dwelling. 1879- New York City passed a law. Apartments had to have venatlation systems.-What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Made settlement houses,Social Gospel movement-weathly should help the poor, protestant church believed in it. In settlement houses-offered education, shelter.Ch. 7.3-What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?not real machine, The political machine was a group of politicians got people to get together made things happen for peoplewho didn't have much made parks sewers schools hopitals orphanages wanted votes for there party by making this stuff happen,-Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.William M. Tweed aka Boss Tweed. Tammy Hall, NYC's powerful democratic P.M. Group of corrupt politicians to defraud the city. Construction the government were taxing them, 13 million instead of 3 million.1871 Tweed Ring broke, Boss got 120 counts of fraud, 12 years in jail instead went to jail for 1 year.-What caused all this corruption in government?Dishonest individuals. Patronage- "the Spoil System" meant giving government jobs to citizens that helped candidates get elected, didn't know what they were doing.. Reformers-half breed tried to eliminate patronage. Rutherford B Haves- elected in 1876-What laws came about to reform government?Civil service act of 1883- commission was set up to investigate the federal jobs to make sure they were being honest. Stalvarts- supported whether or not they thought it was right. This period of time was dominated by republicans.Pendleton Service Act- reduce the dishonesty factor, created strong alliance between the government and big businesseshigh tariff act kept other countries out-Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Status quo- stalwarts didn't want to change anything male whites rich republicans Ulysses S. Grant, Chester Arthur, William MckinleyReformers- Half-Breds- wanted to change things republicans Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Aurthur, Grover Clevland, Benjamin HarrisonCh. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?Engineering innovations, like Brooklyn Bridge. Skyscrapers-architects are able to design taller buildings because of Elevators and Internal steel skeletons. Electric Transit-streetcars were powered by underground cables. 20th century electric streetcar(trolley cars) outlined most of the cities. Railroads alound people to live in the subrubs and work in cities.Engineering and Urban Planning-Brooklyn bridge allowed people to cross the bridge on a regular day. Advancement in communications, railroad networks stretched across the country. In 1890 the literacy rate had increased to nearly 90%. Airplanes-Orville and Wilber Wright were bicycle manufactures from Dayton, Ohio. Experimented with a new engine for an aircraft. Aviaton-they signed a contract for production of the airplane with the U.S. Army. Photography was only a professional activity before 1880. George Eastman developed a way so photographers didn't have to take their dark room with them. Photojournalism allowed them to have pictures with their article.Ch. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?Established public schools. Primer- 1865-1895 states passed laws requiring 12-16 weeks annually of schol attendence by students between age 8-14. Kindergartens became popular.highschool-1890s more than half a million attendend high school. They expanded their ciriculum.college-minority of americans attended college. Blacks found universities. Slowly started increasing.immigrants-encourgaed to go to school because then could learn english and be americanised. 10 million European immigrants settled in the US between 1860-1890. They didn't know english but they learned it and could recite poems at the end of the year.african american-excluded from public secondary education, fewer than 1% of black teenagers attended high school in 1890. attended private schools. 3% in 1910 between the ages of 15-19 attended high school.Majority still attended private schools.Ch. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?Voting restrictions, Jim Crow Laws and the Plessy V. Ferguson case. Southern stated imposed voting restrictions. Administered a literacy test and increased the poll tax so the black couldn't pay it. Grand father clause made the 15th amendment invalid. 15th amendment- allowed blacks to vote. grandfather clause-said that all men of lineal descendents who were voters before 1867 didn't have to meet the voting requirements(education, property or tax). Railroads hired Mexicans because they would take less money, chinese came in on the west coast and they were taking jobs away from the whites because they worked for less.-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Homer Plessy was 30 years old. He was 1/8 black and 7/8 white, riding in a white train car he got asked to move to the black car and refused. He was taken to jail, he was considered guilty to the jury. He wasn't satisfied and took it to the Supreme Court. Segregation-separate but equal, more like separate and unqual. Jury still considered him guilty. Case set up legal segregation for almost 64 years.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.rollar coasters, amusement parks, bicycling, tennis, shopping catologs, snacks- chocolate, coca cola,Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).Protection of social welfare. Promoting moral improvement. Creating economic reform. Fostering efficiency.-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?The ban of manufacturing, selling, and transporting alcohol in the US. People wanted it to try to purify America.-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.Focused on education and gave people in the cities something to do.YMCA-educated people and opened libraries and had classes for people.Helped the poor.salvation army-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?Prohibition. People wanted to try to purify America.-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?State or Government ownership of everything. No private property. everyone is equal. founded in 1901. Eugene V. Debs.-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?They were journalists who wrote bout the corrupt side of business and public life in big magazines and news papers-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?clean envirnment and where everyone is equal. city council and city manager-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?mass production, railroads, steam boats.-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?People thought they should let them do what they want and they got child labor laws-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?banned products made by children in factories from being sold outside of state lines.-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?Supreme Court case.-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?10% raise but less hours.-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?Things became more fair to nearly all Americans. Womens rights.-What did the 17th Amendment do?two senators every 6 years. the people decide and vote for senators.Ch. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.They started getting a better education teachers factory workers-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.they got the 18th and 19th amendments passed womens Christian Temperance Union made for Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for womens rights Carrie Nation she did to.Ch. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.Became president, boxed and wrestled at Harvard-Square Deal-Breaking up strikes-Regulating railroads-Regulating food and drugs-Conservation-Civil RightsCh.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidency-Payne-Aldrich Tariff-Land disputes-Breaking up trusts-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited-Break-up of the Republican Party-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.Ch. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trusts-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under Wilson
Comments