My new blog assignment is Iran Hostage Crisis. We are taking notes on presidents again. Blog discussions. Also, i am leaving at 10:45 (The middle of class.)
OSAMA BIN LADEN died! U.S. helicopters approached a high-walled compound in Pakistan on a mission to capture or kill one of the world's most notorious terrorist leaders. (Al Queda leader) He was killed in a mansion north of the Pakinstani capital. His body was buried at sea.
Harry Truman
Truman was vice-president for 3 months for FDR. Took over in 1945 when FDR died. He was one of the most unpopular presidents of all time. (22% ending.) Was president when WW2 ended with Germany and Japan.
Potsdam Conference/ Declaration. (German consequences/Japan's surrender or else face destruction)
Decided to use atomic bomb against Japan. Known for atomic bombs.
President that helped set up united nations.
Introduced the Fair Deal. (Similar to the New Deal.) This deal was for health care...aimed to help common person and to get the economy back on track. Truman had to deal with the transition from wartime to peacetime economy. He faced alot of opposition from Southern Democrats and Republicans and that's why alot of his proposals did not get passed. The Fair Deal aimed to help: Civil Rights,Housing, Social Security, Minimum Wage, Health, Labor, Education, Agriculture.
Took a hard line stance against communism and Soviet Union-Policy of Containment.
He recognized Israel as a country(a homeplace for Jewish people).. countries surrounding Israel do not like Israel. They feel like they came in and took their land. Land was known as Palestine before they came in. He got US involved in Vietnam by giving aid to France.
Passed Truman Doctrine.(Greece and Turkey about had people take over their land so we sent in stuff to help them.)
Marshall Plan was passed.
NATO estabolished.
Created CIA and national Security Council.
His inaugeration was the first to be viewed on tv.
He desegregated the military.
Election-Dewey lost because he was a little more friendlier to people. People who supported Truman mostly did not have phones to answer who they would vote for.
He got US involved in Vietnam by giving aid to France. (how we started in the war.)
Dwight Eisenhower(1953-1961)34th president
WW2 General. Joined Republican party after WW2. This gauranteed him to win in the 1953 election.
had nixon as his vice-president. His platform was to not let communism
Diagnosed with Crohn's Disease and had a minor stroke while president.
CIA became nicer in late 1970's.
Ended Korean Conflict.
Created Eisenhower Doctrine-we will help you if you combat the communists.
Federal Aid Highway Act-help evacuate cities in case of an attack.
U2 Spy plane was shot down in Russia.
Made Nuclear weapons.
He was anti-immigration.
- Famous WWII general
- Decided to join the Republican Party after WWII
- This all but guaranteed him a win in the 1953 election
- Richard Nixon was his Vice-President
- Diagnosed with Crohn's disease and had a minor stroke while president
- Established NASA after the Soviet's Sputnik launch
- Ended the Korean War/Conflict as promised in his 1952 election campaign
- Signed the Civil Rights Bill in 1957
- Ran a balanced budget-would not spend any more money than the U.S. took in
- Started the Interstate Highway system
- Used the CIA to do covert-ops to distrupt communist governments abroad (Iran/Guatamala)
- Opened relations with Spain
- Defensive alliances were signed with South Korea and Taiwan
- Formed the South East Asia Treaty Organization-if one member nation was attacked, the other nations would help them
- Increased US involvement in Southeast Asia (Vietnam)-US advisors sent
- Developed idea that nuclear weapons would be defensive weapons (deterrance)
- Eisenhower Doctrine told Middle Eastern countries that they could ask for money or military help from the US to help keep commmunists out of their countries
- Allowed McCarthy to do his thing but privately did not approve
- Believed in laissez-faire
- Believed in a balanced budget
- Deported about 1 million illegal immigrants (mostly Mexicans)
- First president to send troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to help in the desegregation of all public schools--1954 Brown case
- US spy plane (U-2) was shot down over USSR-this was a huge embarrassment for Eisenhower because we got caught and he tried to lie about it
- John F. Kennedy
- Ran against Vice-President Richard Nixon
- First presidential televised debates took place
- Many say this helped JFK win the election
- Eisenhower also would not support/promote Nixon in his campaign
- Kennedy's Presidential accomplishments:
- Said "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."
- Cold War issues dominated his presidency and foreign policy
- Berlin Wall was built in 1961
- Bay of Pigs Invasion which dealt with Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1961
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Issued the Alliance for Progress with Latin America to make sure they didn't turn to communism
- Kennedy increased the number of helicopters, military advisors and undeclared U.S. Special Forces in Vietnam
- The CIA helped the new Ba'ath Party government overthrow Communists in Iraq. This new party systematically murdered large numbers of Iraq's educated elite--killings in which Saddam Hussein himself is said to have been a part of
- Signed the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963
- The New Frontier was basically Kennedy's New Deal
- Promised federal funding for:
- 1. Education
- 2. Medical care for the elderly
- 3. Economic aid to rural regions
- 4. Government intervention to halt the recession
- 5. End racial discrimination
- Peace Corps was established in 1961 where Americans volunteer to help underdeveloped nations in areas such as education, farming, health care, and construction
- Signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963, a federal law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex. Men still get paid more than women these days.
- Moonshot Speech in 1961-that we are going to be in space by the end of the decade..(1969.)
- Killed by Lee Harvey Oswald on a parade route. He used a Mannlicher-Carcano Rifle. he also killed officer JD Tippet. Jackie Kennedy killed Oswald.
- Jack Ruby-
- Warren Commission-about the assassination of JFK.
- Magic Bullet Theory-it would have been a magic bullet to pull off what it did. In order for it to happen, it had to be apart of either 1 of 4 organizations: US military, Cuba, Soviet Union, and mafia.
- The three tramps-guys looked alike, homeless
- JFK Act-(1992) mandating the gathering and opening of all records concerned with the death of the President Kennedy.
- President Lyndon Johnson-(36th)-1963-1969
- JFK's vice-president
- 1964 presidential election-Johnson got 60% of the vote. he is democratic. electoral vote was 486 to very low.
- Accomplishments-1.Put together Warren Commission to investigate assassination.-2.Civiil Rights Act of 1964 which outlawed most forms of racial segregation.-3.Passed Voting Rights Act of 1965 which outlawed discrimination in voting, thus allowing millions of southern black to vote for the first time.-4.Started affirmative action laws.-5.Passed immigration Act of 1965 which allowed more non-European people to immigrate to US. Immigration more than doubled between 1965-1970
- The Great Society- Johnson's plan to:aid education, attack disease, Medicare and Medicaid, urban renewal, Beautification,conservation, development of depressed regions. war on poverty, control and prevention of crime, removal of obstacles to the right to vote.
- ACTS:
- Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965-alot of money went to schools,more to poor schools.
- Higher Education Act of 1965-funding lower income students(grants,governement loans)
- set up National Endowment for Humanities and Arts(researchers, writers)
- Economic Opportunity Act-started Head Start,food stamps,work study,medicare and medicaid.
- Gun Control Act of 1968-regualates firearms industrys and owners.(Because of Kennedy's assassination.)
- Vietnam WAR
- Vietnam conflict dominated much of Johnson's presidency.
- Believed in Domino Theory.
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964- Congress gave Johnson power to wage war in Vietnam.
1968 Election-Johnson does not want to run for president again.
President Richard Nixon(R)-37th 1969-1974
Vice-president of Eisenhower
lost 1960 election to JFK
only person to be elected twice to both presidency and vice-presidency
only president to resign from office.
Between Nixon, Humphrey, and Wallace.
electoral vote was 301 to 191,43
Only President to resign from office (he was about to be impeached)
Nixon was very paranoid and thought that everyone was out to get him
Nixon's Presidential Accomplishments:
Vietnam Conflict dominated much of his presidency and war became very unpopular
Promised to end the war---"Peace with honor"
Expanded the war to Cambodia and Laos-bombing Ho Chi Minh Trail
Started pulling troops out of Vietnam as promised
The Nixon Doctrine--"Vietnamization" of the war which was pulling our troops out and let the Vietnamese fight their own war
Paris Peace Accords signed in 1973 stopped the fighting and got the US out of the war
Environmental Decade:
Nixon was the first president to actually do a lot to help the environment
Passed a lot of acts to clean up the environment and established a lot of governmental agencies
Declared war on drugs in 1971
Started Supplementary Security Income which provided money to low-income people who are either 65 years or older, blind, or disabled
Saw large scale integration of schools in the south
Supported affirmative action
Signed Title IX (1972) which prohibited gender discrimination in all federally funded schools
Equal Employment Opportunity Act enforces law against workplace discrimination based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, perceived intelligence, disablity, or sexual orientation
Abortion was legalized durign Nixon's presidency in the Roe v. Wade case in 1973
US astronauts landed on the moon in 1969
Nixon approved the development of NASA's Space Shuttle program
In 1972, President Nixon traveled to China where the president was to have direct talks with Mao Zedong and Chou En-lai
This ease relations with the US and China as we agreed to recognize them
Nixon visited the Soviet Union and went to Moscow in 1972
There he signed the SALT I which limited nuclear weapons
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was also signed which banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles
This led to a new era of "peaceful co-existence" and detente with the USSR
Watergate Scandal:
- Five men were caught breaking into Democratic party headquarters at the Watergate Hotel in Washington D.C. on June 17, 1972 to find dirt on the Democratic party
- They wanted to find embarassing information about the Democrats to hopefully foil their chances of winning the next presidential election
- Two Washington Post reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, investigated the story
- The men were caught with hundred dollar bills in their pockets and were trying to bug the phones
- Woodward and Bernstein relied on an FBI informant known as "Deep Throat" to link the men to the Nixon White House---said "follow the money"
- Ended up being Mark Felt who was high up in the CIA
- Woodward and Bernstein traced the money and caught them
- Nixon was not involved at first but found out the next day
- Then he tried to cover it up saying they were only trying to prevent him from getting re-elected
- FBI eventually confirmed that Nixon aides had attempted to sabotage the Democrats--many began resigning and faced prosecution
- Because Nixon tried to cover it up, he was breaking the law and should have been impeached but he resigned first.
President Gerald Ford (Republican) 38th, 1974-1977:
- Nixon's Vice President
- Took over when Nixon resigned
- Only Vice President and President to never be elected
- Had two assassination attempts within three weeks
- Pardoned Richard Nixon so that he wouldn't have to go to jail like everyone else that was involved
- Offered conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War draft dodgers who had fled to countries such as Canada
- "Whip Inflation Now" called for Americans to reduce their spending and consumption in an attempt to stop inflation
- Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975) established special education in school throughout the US
- Continued detente with the USSR
Ford wanted to help South Vietnam when North Vietnam invaded in 1974 but Congress refused - By April 1975, all of Vietnam became communist
- Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act was passed to allow refugees to immigrate to the US.
Definitions Dealing With The Cold War:
- Policy of Containment:
- Policy out of the US using economic and military strategy to slow the spread of communism
- The policy was created after the Soviet Union tried to spread communism into Western Europe, Vietnam, China, Korea, Afghanistan, and others
- Tried to contain communism
- Policy was also there so the US could have a better influence on other countries
- It was also a way to make America's security for secure and to better it
- Domino Effect:
- If something started in one area, it would continue to spread
- Was promoted by the US between 1950 and 1980
- Showed that smaller countries involved in communism would influence other countries around it into communism. This was not good
- Fear of the domino effect led to our policy of containment
- Iron Curtain Speech:
- Given by Winston Churchill in 1946
- The Iron Curtain was describing differences and separation between the Allies and Europe
- The "curtain" was there from the end of WWII in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989
- Because of the Iron Curtain the state of both sides began doing their own thing
- Marshall Plan:
- Plan made during George Marshall's speech in 1947
- Was a plan to make a difference in the economy between 1947-1951
- It was originally made to help European countries and make the economy stronger
- Later it was offered to the Soviet Union but they wouldn't accept it
Cold War Project
This project will be a completely individual project using Powerpoint or other presentation software and will serve as the final live presentation of the year. Due to this fact and the fact that we have worked very hard in trying to make you better researchers and presenters, this project will be worth 200 points. The attached rubric will used which is the same as the one used in the last several projects.
Expand
Short bullets
Pictures
Game questions with candy(something unique.)
confidence
video?? sound??
effects and good color to represent the presentation
dress up
ask questions during presentation
http://www.guidetorussia.com/russia-afghanistan.asp
Cold War Project
1. Causes of the Cold War-
Economic-
2. Policy of Containment:
-United States used to slow down the spread of communism. Create a greater influence of America on others. Keep the domino effect from happening.
Domino effect-During the 1950's to 1980's. The united States feared this. Spread of Communism.,
Iron Curtain Speech-Divided Europe into two groups after WW2. East vs. West and South. This kept information and travel to a minimum between East and West. The speech was given by Winston Churchill on MArch 5, 1946. Addressed the segregation between East and West Europe. Beginning of the Cold War. ,
Marshall Plan-1947-1951. Strengthen European economic foundation. Soviet Union and Allies did not accept. This basically modernized business. We wanted hope for the future. Helped to develop self-reliance.
,Truman Doctrine-March 12, 1947. We helped Greece and Turkey. Didn't want them to fall to Communism. Aimed to stop communism in Europe. We gave them money and military supplies. In Greece and Turkey they were fighting communists so we helped them.
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-1938. Created to investigate alleged dosloyalty and acts on the part of private citizens, public employees, and organizations suspected of having communist ties.
Had the ability to: Subpoena witness, hold people in comtempt of Congress.
Its name changed to....
Richard Nixon was a member of the HUAC.
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
Senator from Wisconsin
Anti-communist-took it as like a witch hunt
Macarthyism-accusing people of wrong doing without evidence.
He identified communists as anyone who expressed communist sympathies, associates of known communists, homosexuals were an apparent cause of suspicion, hollywood figures were suspects.
Attacking Hollywood
- entertainment industry blacklist-entertainers with real or suspected ties to communism=refused work.
- Hollywood Ten-first ten members of industry refused to cooperate...
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
Allied Control Council-rebuild Germany.
soviets wanted to make their chunk communist
Germany and Berlin were split into four zones.
Supplying the city by air-suggested by a british commander. (For 1700 calories per person a day, more then 1.5 thousand tons of food had to be flown in every day.)
Soviets had their electricity cut off so we supplied the city stuff.
Black Friday- William Tunner was appointed to be in charge of Operation Vittles. Rain caused low visibility. After this operation, tunner made new rules that greatly inproved our landing.
in 1949,tunner pushed for record breaking amounts of supplies to arrive in Berlin on Easter Sunday.
The soviets could do nothing against the airlift. They negotiated with the other Allied Powers and the blockade was set to end on May 12th 1949.
6. China becoming communist-Mao-
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16.
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
Cold War Test Topics:
1. Define the Cold War and it's causes
2. Policy of Containment -domino effect, mutual deterrence, massive retaliation, Truman Doctine, Marshall Plan, NATO, brunkmanship
3. Both Berlin Crises
4. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUAC
5. Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis
6. China
7. Nuclear Arms Race and Reductions
8. How the Cold War ended.
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