Today we continued Cold War projects after Fred talked a bit about his president becuase he was gone.
Causes of the Cold War:
- Happened in 1945-1990
- United States v. Soviet Union and Democrats v. Communists (dem is freedom comm is control you)
- One of the causes was that the governments were so different, they thought they would push their ways onto eachother. Try to change one another.
- Free Trade we thought would be good for us and would help the economy better
Soviet Union didn't want it, wanted to keep to themselves
- Power, they struggled for power between one another. We tried to gain allies, and they tried to take control of areas. Set up missles near eachother. Try to see who could dominate the world with their government system.
- Germany; soviet union had the East of it, and the U.S., Britian, and France took the West. It put tensions between the countries, they didn't agree on how to control Germany.
- Soviet Union didn't like our Truman Doctarine where we would help any country that was threatened by communism, it was aimed at them.
- Marshall Plan- US rebuilding European countries.
- They both had the Atomic Bomb/ nuclear weapons. There was a fear that we would attack eachother. It intensified the war, until we came to an agreement not to use them on eachother.
- Truman didn't like Stallin, who only saw reason with an iron fist (using military).
- There was a red scare in 1917 and Russia first got taken over by the Sov's, so it could be argued that it started then, we started mistrusting them.
Policy of Containment:
-Domino Effect: was mainly about communism. They believed that if one country had communism then it would spread to to other countries surrounding it.
-The Policy of Containment: worked to stop the domino effect and contain communism.
-Iron Curtain Speech: said by Winston Churchill. He used the term in context of soviet-diminated in Eastern Europe, and iron curtain was ment to be stopping communism from spreading from the east to west. Split the communist from the democratic.
- The Marshall Plan (European Recovery Act): A large scale economic of the U.S. program that gave cash grants to Europe with repayment of the money. Helped to rebuild Europe. Some of the goals were to remove trade barriers, rebuilding Eurpoe, madernizing industry, making Europe presperous again, and stopping the Soviet Union from helping them so that they didn't turn to Communism. Trying to get them not to go to Communism during their tough period of time.
- Truman Doctarine: It stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey to help them with economic aid and military to help them get back up instead of falling to Communism. The people in these two countries were fighting communism at the time and we needed to stop it from spreading.
Both countries joined NATO and became our Allies. The Soviets said the Doctarine was a part of what started the Cold War.
House of Un-American Activities Commitee (HUAC):
- Created in 1938 to look into private citizens engaging in criminal aacts against the United States. (like if you say you're going to bomb somewhere)
- Main focus was to keep people from having communist ties.
- Hollywood's Black List: famous people who were accused of being communist. They ended being blacklisted; they were deemed to be promoting communist propaganda if they were in movies, and couldn't get hired.
- HUAC was very determined to find communists and communist sympathizers by pressuring witnesses to give up the names of those who are communist.
- Witnesses who didn't give up any information were hild in contemp of congress because they knew they were.
- Senator Joseph McCarthy used the HUAC's ideas and began accusing people of being communists even if he didn't really know for sure. This started McCarthyism accusing people of treason without any evidence. This era of time was known as the Second Red Scare.
- The Second Red Scare: the fear of communism spying on our government, and of the Soviet Union atomic bombing the U.S. (one of the reasons HUAC came about)
- The Red Scare made the actual communists in our country lay low because they knew we were after them, helped reduce communist activity.
- The HUAC became less important by the 60s
- The were renamed the House of Internal Security Comitee in 69, but was abolished in 75.
McCarthyism:
-Named after Senator Joe McCarthy
- Is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty or treason without much evidence of it. (communism)
- It happened in the Second Red Scare of the United states
- Fear of communists, and American traitors
- If you just looked or acted suspicious they may accuse you of being communist and question you even if you weren't. Questioned by government officials
- McCarthy finally got turned away from the Senate because he kept accusing people who weren't communist as being communist without evidence. He ruined people's lives by accusing them. They ended up censoring him. It was all about making himself more powerful.
- McCarthy started to go after people in the military or were. These people were hero's, and people didn't want to believe that these military people were communists, so they stopped believeing him and censored him.
- He turned into a heavy drinker, and alchoholism got the better of him. It got to his liver and killed him four years after getting married.
China Becomes Communist:
- Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Revolution.
- Led to Communist party to victory over china over Chiang-Kaished's Kuominnstang.
- He was founder of the People's Republic of China.
- Mao was a guerilla warfare stategist- came out of the forest, hit, and run.
- Chiang-Kaished was the chairman of the Nationalist of the Gov't of China.
-Was the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party during the Civil war against Mao.
The Civil war, Communist v. Nationalists
- In 1949 the Chinese Civil war started between the communist and Nationalist.
- The communists pushed the nationalist back so hard that they forced the nationalist into the island of Taiwan.
-Now the Republic of China (taiwan) is nationalist, and The People's Republic of China (mainland of China) is communist.
-Communists then control most or all of china, they were supported by the Soviet Union.
- The Nationalists were supported by the U.S.
- The Great Leap Forward: Mao's five year plan to take peasant's off the street and go into big factories and make big products like steel and iron. A lot of this was for war materials and such.
- There was a lot of food production that was banned. it dropped food production by 25% BY 1960.
The Cultural Revolution
- The Cultural Revolution Mao feared the people in his party would turn against him.
- During this period there was a lot of rape, fraud, and murder.
- He feared people would forget about him, and turn against him.
- The Revolution basically completed the Communism of China for Mao. Helped him get control over the country.
- Many people thought that Mao should be taken from power. The revolution took place from 66-76, made Mao become somewhat unpopular.
The Nuclear Arm's Race:
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