1. Define the Cold War and it's causes- Political, Stratigic, and ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union.-rivalry between Communist USSR and non-communist USA. After alliance was broke from WWII they but heads a lot.-Split up Germany in four parts, US USSR France and GB all controlled a part. Difficulty splitting it up, that's what started the Cold War. War almost broke out because of the disagreements.-USSR upset when they found out US made the atomic bomb cause we were doing it in secret.-US wanted all countries to trade all around the world. USSR didn't want 'western' or democratic influences to bring them down.-After WWII there was competition to see who was the best and strongest country. i.e. Space Race, Arms Race
2. Policy of Containment -domino effect, mutual deterrence, massive retaliation, Truman Doctine, Marshall Plan, NATOPolicy of Containment- Contain Communism.Truman Doctrine- Strategy to contain communism. President Harry Truman presented it on March 12, 1947 to US Congress. Truman used "The Long Telegram" speech by George Kennan as a base to bring up his Doctrine. Turkey and Greece needed our help to save them from communism, we provided them with the Truman Doctrine and money/ military help. it worked they weren't taken over.NSC(National Security Council)- 68- Communists planned for world domination. Shaped the US foreign Policy. NSC plan was written at the beginning of the Cold War.Marshall Plan- Main plan for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for Western Europe. Put into action June 5, 1947. Was in effect for 4 years starting in April 1948. America aided Europe from the end of the war to the beginning of the plan.Iron Curtain Speech- Winston Churchill gave this speech after WWII talking about the split in Europe between communist and democratic.Domino Effect- When one country became communist it would topple over and effect another bountry to become communist. US didn't want to fall to communism so we put the Policy of Containment into Play.
NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Organization established to protect Western Europe, if Eastern Europe invaded West NATO would help, but if West invaded East NATO countries wouldn't help. NATO's been around for 60 years and helps solve conflicts between countries. De- Stalinization, Nikita Khrushchev wanted to neutralize the influence and acts of Joseph Stalin. Revising Stalin's policies and removing monuments that supported Stalin. Peaceful Coecistence, theory of USSR in Cold War. Says that Soviet influenced communist states could get along with capitalistic states like the US.
3. Both Berlin CrisesFirst Berlin Crisis- Berlin Blockade and Airlift. USSR blocked western allies accesses to Berlin that Allies controled. USSR got total control of the city. Allies(Western powers) tried to airlift supplies into our parts of Berlin, Royal and US Airforce in charge of flying supplies. USSR thought that after a while all of Germany would be communist. Only about 2% of the food needs could be made in the sector that USSR had and they wouldn't take any supplies but the airlift was successful.
Second Berlin Crisis Berlin wall goming up and coing down- The West part of Germany(under USA GB ect. powers) were really good, people had freedom, the economy was better and so was the social part. The East(USSR power) was terrible, food shortages, people couldn't own their own land, 2.6 million people left the east and went west. The wall was originally made of barbed wire but it got better as time went on. There were different ways of trying to get across the wall, tunnels, flying, climbing the wall. It was erected to stop people going from east to west.
4. The Red Scare--McCarthyism and HUACHouse Committee on Un- American Activites(HUAC) established in 1938- 1975. Martin Dies Jr. was the chairman. HUAC aimed at German Americans involved in Nazi and KKK, more focus was on the Nazis.McCarthyism- Joe McCrathy, brutal in politics. Blacklisted, McCarthy would've been put on the list if he was screaned because he was a drinker and rumored to be an active homosexual. He had a list of many people he though were communists. People liked him at the start because he wanted to get the communists out. After a while people saw that he was making false accusations. Still people couldn't disagree with him otherwise he'd call them out as communists and they didn't was to be investigated. Drew Pearson was brave enough to fight McCarthy, McCarthy tore him down though, Pearson wasn't as credible anymore and he hardly got anymore work.McCarthyism was a witch hunt in the government false accusations of unknown communists followed by complete investigations.
5. Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis
6. China
Li Dazhao introduced communism to Mao. Zhen Fan was the biggest mass killing in history, if somebody was a counter revolutionary then they were agianst the government going communist. People would make false accusations saying that they're counter revolutionaries then the army would take them away and they would most likely be killed.Mao was more for helping the common person rather than the rich because he was born into poverty. More times than not he was hurting the common people rather than helping them. Chiang Kai-Shek was the official leader of China at the time. During the Civil war Mao ended up becoming the leader and Shek flead to Tiwan.
Nixon's visit to China, he went there to improve relations with China. Conference talked about US and China getting along and seeing what to do with Tiwan. To improve relationship the US played ping pong with China. Two countries decided they'd peacfully co-exist and both sides of the Taiwan straight is all China.
7. Nuclear Arms Race and Reductions
The nuclear arms race was a weapons buildup between the Soviet Union and the USA between 1945- 1970
Mutually Assured Destruction or MAD, if one side launched an attack then the other side would launch a bigger attack. The atomic bomb was the most feared and the biggest defensive weapon. In a weird way when the Soviet Union got their atomic bomb the world became safer because nobody wanted to attack then another attack from the other side would be higher and everybody would just be dead.On August 29, 1949 the Soviets detonated their first atomic bomb.
Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)- SDI was a way for US to defend agianst nuclear missiles. There was many different ideas that they came up with to defend themselves.Lazers, rockets that hit and destroyed, rockets that latched on and destroyed with the other missile. MDS would sense a nuclear weapon being launched at us and a missle or something to deflect it.
8. How the Cold War ended.
Invasion of Afganistan by Soviets. Afgan. gov't called on the USSR to help them out with anti communist rebles in the country. Soviets totally destroyed the Afgans many civilians were killed. US never really went to fight but they helped with money and finaces.Soviets took over cities. Exit period of the Soviets leaving Afganistan was over a two year period. Feb. 15, 1989 was the official last day when the Soviets were there. Soviets just couldn't win because they weren't in their homeland and at some point they would get sick of being there. Also how the rebels fought was difficult for the Soviets to fight back, gurilla warfare.
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9. Korean Conflict
10. Vietnam Conflict
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