On this day we continued to take notes over WWII. Today was all about Japan. Here are the notes:
Japan
Dictatorship also came to Japan-Also came to Germany and Italy and Russia.
-not through a political party but the military-Unlike Germany, Italy and Russia.
History
-rich military tradition-Samurai.
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan-Feudalism.
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government-
-came form divine origin-Descended from Gods.
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power-Ruled the country like a president.
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
1. Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai-Few in number.
2. Wealthy merchant class-Middle number of people.
3. Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports-No trading before hand. Then US forced them to open their ports for trade.
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country-Went from isolationism to a lot of foreigners in their country trying to take them over.
1. heavy industry-Transformered from agriculture to industry/factory.
2. modern army-Follow the German army.
3. strong navy-Follow the British navy.
Showed off new power in several wars
1. Sino-Japanese War-Fought against Chinese.
-1894-95
-Japan won
2. Russo-Japanese War-Fought against Russia. Japan replaced Russia as the best.
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria-Arbitration. Russia lost.
3. World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war-They were in pretty good shape.
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote-Became more of a democracy.
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations-Helped to stop wars.
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact-Outlawed declaring war.
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything-No longer trade with the US.
-people blamed the government for tough times-Military took over.
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy-Invaded China.
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
1. fight to the death-Told they were to be harassed and tortured if they surrendered.
2. commit suicide rather than surrender-Harry Karry. Jumped off clips. Grenade exploding on them. Commacasies.
3. gekokujo-Changed as the war continued.
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers-Usually shown by a court-martial.
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Invasion of Manchuria-Proved The League of Nations could not enforce its authority, a major power could get away with using force, and that Great Britain and France wanted to avoid war. Japan dropped out of The League of Nations.
Good Neighbor Policy-Roosevelt set this up so that Latin America and other neighboring countries could trade with us and that wars could be stopped.
Ethiopia Invaded by Italy-Italy lost this colony in 1896. One of the worst disasters of modern history. In 1935 The League of Nations called Italy the aggressor. Italy was not able to do very many things leagally involving Italy. However, oil was excluded from this embargo list. FDR signed Neutrallity Act in 1936.
Spain-A civil war broke out in Spain in 1936. Ended in 1939. Germany and Italy sent troops to help Franco win and Hitler assumed he would join Germany. But Spain was neutral.
Presidential Race (1936)-Landon lost to Roosevelt, only winning two states.
Rome-Berlin Axix-The official alliance between Italy and Germany.
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