Japan
Quiz over slides 62-
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine (holy) origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
1. Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
2. Wealthy merchant class
3. Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
1. heavy industry
2. modern army
3. strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
1. Sino-Japanese War (against China)
-1894-95
-Japan won
2. Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
3. World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4 (reduce naval size), 5 (respect each others land) and 9 (open door policy) Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
1. fight to the death
2. commit suicide rather than surrender
3. gekokujo
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Japanese Invansion of Manchuria
What did this situation prove?
1. The League of Nations could not enforce its authority.
2. A major power could get away with using force.
3. GB and France wanted to avoid war at all costs.
4. Other powers would see this as a sign that they too could get away with the use of force.
5. The League also losts its most powerful member in the Far East and ultimately Japan was to unite with the two other nations that broke the Leagues rules-Germany and Italy.
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the1896 Battle of Adua.
One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history.
Feb. 23, 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia.
Oct. 7, 1935, League declared Italy the aggressor.
Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
Nov. 18, 1935, Leagues sanctions begin
-arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods.
Feb. 1936-League couldn't agree on critical oil sanctions mainly because FDR refused-U.S. controlled 50% world oil trade.
Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
1. mandatory arms embargo (don't trade) with warring nations
2. mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
May 5-Italy occupied Addis Ababa-annexed all Ethiopia May 9
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