Japan
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
- 1. Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
- 2. Wealthy merchant class
- 3. Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
- 1. heavy industry
- 2. modern army
- 3. strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
- 1. Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
- 2. Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
- 3. World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
- 1. fight to the death
- 2. commit suicide rather than surrender
- 3. gekokujo
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Japan invades mankiri for resources
what ^ proves..
the league of nations could not enforce its authority
a major power could get away with using force
great britain and france wanted to avoid war at all costs
league of nations lost the most powerful member in the far east- japan
Franklin Roosevelt vs. herbert hoover
during the 1930's we were focused on getting out of the great depression
FDR won easily
good neighbor policy- we wanted to have good relations with latin america to make sure other countries stayed out and for trade reasons
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
italy lost ethiopia in africa in the battle of adua
one of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
1935, italy sends large forces into ethiopia
1935, league declared italy the aggressor
league puts sanctions on italy- no weapons, no money, dont import italian goods-- oil was taken off the list- huge mistake
1936- FDR signed the neutrality act-- if countries enter war we will not give them weapons or lend them money
italy occupied addis, acaba-annexed ethiopia
spain- civil war broke out between communists and nationalists in 1936- testing ground for hitler
spain was neutral in WWII
Generalisimo Fransisco Franco- leader of spain 1936-39
FDR vs. Alf Landon 1936- FDR wins
Rome- Berlin Axis-- alliance between germany and italy- eventually becomes the axis powers (not official yet)
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