Japan
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
1. Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
2. Wealthy merchant class
3. Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
1. heavy industry
2. modern army
3. strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
1. Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
2. Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
3. World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
1. fight to the death
2. commit suicide rather than surrender
3. gekokujo
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
Invasion of Manchuria
-What did this situation prove?
1.) The league of Nations could not enforce its authority
2.) A major power could get away with using force
3.) GB and Frnce wanted to avoid war at all costs
4.) other powers thought they could get away with using force
5.) The League also lost its most powerful force in the far east- Japan
FDR v. Herbert Hoover
-FDR wins because people thought hoover really messed up.
Good Neighbor Policy- FDR thought we needed to get along more with the neighboring countries...Latin America... Trade, and to make sure they didn't side with Japan or Germany.
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936
-Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
-One f the worst colonial disasters of modern history
- Feb. 23, 1935, Ital sends large forces into Ethiopia.
-Nov. 18, 1935, Leagues sanctions begin
-arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
-Feb. 1936 - League could not agree on critical oil sanctions because FDR refused.
-Feb. 29, 1936- FDR signed the 1936 Nuetrality Act
1. mandatory arms embago with warring nations
2. mandatoy ban on loans to warring nations
-May 5- Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia May 9.
Generalisimo Fancisco Fanco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936-39
-Hitler and Mussolini helped Fanco in the civil war, Franco won, but never helped with WWII
FDR v. Alf Landon 1936-
FDR won
Rome-Berlin Axis-1936
Alliance between Italy and Germany.
Axis came from worlds "axis" Rome and Berlin would be what the would rotate around.
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